The Theory Of Management And Taylorism - 1365 Words

In today’s society we often use certain practices and methods that have worked well in the past. Managing is one of those practises that is the most important for the well being of a business, and has been important to make sure that individual efforts coordinate. Major management theories and practices such as scientific, administrative, and behavioural theories have had more research put into them as the years have progressed. Theories such as these are depended on more than ever since society relies on group efforts, especially because several organized groups have become large. Factors such as these make managerial theories crucial in the way managers control the operations of their company. If we compare the way these methods are†¦show more content†¦Themes such as analysis; synthesis; logic;rationality; empiricism; work ethic; efficiency and elimination of waste; standardization of best practices; were all spread out into new management methods. When scientific management was created, it evolved during a time where mechanization and automation were unpopular. When companies started replacing people with machines, the scientific method had to be re-evaluated. This was due to America’s â€Å"craft work† (work with humans) being no longer existent. Scientific management later lead to business methods such as offshoring, industrial process control, and numerical control. Offshoring occurs when a company moves from one country to another due to production costs and availability of resources. Industrial process control and numerical control come into effect when a company’s machines and systems are no longer operating at full potential. Along with everything in life, change is almost a factor for the future. Over the decades, scientific management has evolved immensely. During the early decades of scientific management, the demands of work intensified. Workers were not impressed nor satisfied with the environment that they worked in and became furious with their employers. During one of Taylor s own implementations of his scientific management method at the Watertown Arsenal in Massachusetts, workers began to

Thesis Name - 6268 Words

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of Tourism and Hospitality Management Department National College of Science and Technology In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management Mr. Christer John R. Manalo Ms. Jemimah V. Camitan Ms. Krystal Jane M. Fello Mr. Clarenz Marr Javier Ms. Emerlene P. Milan APPROVAL SHEET This Thesis study entitled â€Å"STUDYING DIFFERENT FACTORS AFFECTING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THIRD YEAR BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN HOTEL AND RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT STUDENTS OF NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DUE TO SELECTED ACTIVITIES† prepared and submitted by Mr. Christer John R. Manalo, Ms. Jemimah V. Camitan, Ms. Krystal Jane M. Fello, Mr.†¦show more content†¦To Libraries that researchers visited which serves as the key to construct ideas and answers to the questions on the research. To the family of the researcher who support the researcher especially in financial matters that is needed for this study to be successful and for their advices. To the HRM Faculty and Students who cooperated and support in doing this research. To Ms. Christina Dela Cruz and Ms. Virginia Medina for checking this thesis study. To Ms. Ronalyn Pereà ±a, for sharing her knowledge and guiding the researchers while doing this research. Lastly, to our Course Adviser Mr. Kirk P. Manalo and to our Department Head Mr. Ronaldo Padilla for coordinating with us in doing our research. INTRODUCTION Extra-curricular is not falling in the scope of a regular curriculum; specifically; of or relating to officially or semi officially apposed and usually organized student activities (as athletics) connected with school and usually carrying no academic credit. Extra-curricular activities perform by students that fall outside the realm of the normal curriculum of school or university education. An extra-curricular activity exists at all levels of education. Such activities are generally voluntary as opposed mandatory, none paying; social, philanthropic as opposed to scholastic and open involve others of the same age. Students often organize and directShow MoreRelatedThesis Name6280 Words   |  26 PagesA Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of Tourism and Hospitality Management Department National College of Science and Technology In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management Mr. Christer John R. Manalo Ms. Jemimah V. Camitan Ms. Krystal Jane M. Fello Mr. Clarenz Marr Javier Ms. Emerlene P. Milan APPROVAL SHEET This Thesis study entitled â€Å"STUDYING DIFFERENT FACTORS AFFECTING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THIRD YEAR BACHELOR OF SCIENCERead MoreBarrio Boy Essay895 Words   |  4 Pagesfish. In fact he caught a trout that â€Å"shined† in the sun, but what was really surprising was that the trout turned into a â€Å"glimmering girl.†Not only did the fish turn into a girl but also it called his name 3 times before vanishing off ,but what I don’t understand is how did that girl even know his name in the first place. Since Aengus fell in love with the girl he decided to follow her which is also strange because he does not know this girl which is practically a stranger. Also he had stated in theRead MoreWriting A Conclusion Paragraph And RUBRIC PDF1394 Words   |  6 PagesWriting a Conclusion Paragraph for your Social Studies/Language Arts Research Paper â€Å"BASIC† MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS: ïÆ' ¾ must BEGIN with a restated thesis statement that clearly restates the 3 subtopics discussed in your paper. (This is your FIRST sentence.) ïÆ' ¾ NEVER introduces new details that haven’t been discussed already o You don’t want frustrate your readers by mentioning some new statistic or fact that you aren’t going to thoroughly explain. Your readers shouldn’t have more unanswered questionsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel The Girl Who Was Saturday Night 1137 Words   |  5 PagesSTUDENT NAME: Ramnik Cheema ENG3U0 - F CANADIAN NOVEL ISU PART A: KEYS TO THEME AND DRAFT THESIS STATEMENTS For the following â€Å"Keys to Theme Template,† record a quotation and explanation of how the statement fulfils the characteristic of each section of the template. Title of the Novel: The Girl Who Was Saturday Night Author: Heather O’Neill Character’s Name: Nouschka Trembley Theme: Isolation 1. Key speech or thought expressed by the main character that relates to one of the five (5) commonRead MoreEssay about Morality and Case Study1391 Words   |  6 Pageson earth, is how He builds our faith. The worldview without relation to Christ can view the Christian worldview as foolish. In Called to Care, the authors state â€Å" Whenever a society ceased to recognize the image of God in human beings, whether the name of science, political, ideology, religion, or simply greed serious moral decay followed†(Shelly Miller, 2006, p. 77). The truth is God is good in all things. References Shelly, J. A., Miller, A. B. (2006). Called to Care (Second ed.). RetrievedRead MoreLife of Pi: the Correlation Between Science and Religion Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pages(Martle, 84).This quote seems to blend the dichotomy so well that the audience isn’t clearly able to distinguish between the two Mr. Kumars. Through close reading, Mr. Kumar the biologist teacher states â€Å"Equus burchelli bohemi† which is the scientific name to the Grant’s Zebra, through which Mr. Kumar separates the Zebra being viewed from other Zebras. Dissimilarly, Mr. Kumar the Sufi states â€Å"Allahu akbar†, which means â€Å"God is the Greatest†, through which Mr. Kumar recognizes God and the zebra as a partRead MoreA1 Introduction to High School Academics UA1821 Words   |  8 Pagesquestions, synthesize the information that you have gathered and develop an overall thesis that examines a specific aspect of the text. Forming Your Response Synthesize and evaluate your thoughts and response. Researching and preparing for a discussion helps to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of a group discussion. To start forming your response, use your notes from the initial task. Then, generate and capture a thesis statement of sorts that summarizes your view of the work based on your answersRead MoreLe Management Interculturel de Sylvie Chevrier1999 Words   |  8 Pagesbibliography (from page 123 to 126) and finally a table of contents at the end of the book (page 127). The book is written in French and can be found in the collection  «Que sais-je? » at the Presses Universitaires de France editions (known also as Puf). Thesis The goal of the author is to delineate the field of intercultural management and to clarify its content for the reader. Strategies 1. Construction * Introduction The introduction of the book is longer than the conclusion. IndeedRead MoreCreating Opportunities For Students Proficiency Directing Their Own Learning And Have Done So Within My Classroom Environment Essay1865 Words   |  8 Pagescollaboration with the classroom rules, two charts were created that demonstrated the application of gamification within the classroom in order to improve the student s participation. The first chart was referred to as the â€Å"smiles† chart. Student’s had their names down the side of the chart and were awarded â€Å"smiles† for participation, positive behavior and achieving personal goals. The Group Chase chart looked similar to a board game, and was used in correlation with a seating plan, groups were allocated a colour

The history of special education Free Essays

Abstraction This essay will explicate how over the past 100 old ages particular instruction has become more diverse and invariably altering the manner handicapped pupils are being taught in public schools. How it views of the manner instructors are developing IEP programs for their pupils. I will explicate the different stages of particular instruction in its largest span of clip. We will write a custom essay sample on The history of special education or any similar topic only for you Order Now It will discourse how the term† learned handicapped â€Å"was derived after it took the topographic point of phrase â€Å"brain injured† . And it will explicate the phases in which the IEP ‘s are developed and how a kid with particular demands should be taught to bring forth success. Additionally, this essay will discourse the tribunal instance of Brown v. Board of Education ‘s determination to demand that all particular demands kids be granted an chance to have a free and appropriate instruction. In past old ages people would lock their handicapped kids up in suites and insulate them from others because they were ashamed of them or because they were different and they did n’t cognize how or what to make with them. This made affair worse, handicapped kids were left isolate and entirely, sometimes being abused physically and sexually, they were non considered human. This continued to go on until a few innovator, people who were advocators for kids with particular stood up for them and brought their instances to tribunal, but that ‘s something of the yesteryear now. The Torahs covering with particular instruction have changed for the better now. Particular instruction was one of the major country in instruction that was considered to be outraged and or considered to assist each other. Education for kids with acquisition jobs had emerged from no instruction for kids with particular demands to particular support for plans particularly for those persons with larning jo bs. Mostert, M. , A ; Crokett, J. ( 2000, June ) The particular instruction for particular demands kids went through adult male Y phases before they were recognized by the tribunal systems. From 1800 ‘s to 1930 ‘s the first stage was called the foundation stage. This is when pupils who were identified and placed in particular instruction plans were treated and labeled as being brainsick, retarded, or encephalon dead. Some pupils were considered to hold some type of encephalon hurt because of the different research workers and surveies that have been performed on me. In the1930 ‘s to the 1960 ‘s. the passage stage began and this was considered to be the best clip of all time for these types of kids. They were taught were taught that they could n’t truly assist these people. Researchers developed instruments for appraisals, analyzed specific types of larning jobs and besides presented a program for learning â€Å"brain injured† kids. At this phase the labeling of the kids with larning jobs was non every bit rough as â€Å"brain injured† . The pupils were called â€Å"children with minimum encephalon dysfunction† Then the turning stage for the instruction of pupils with larning jobs was subsequently called the Integration Phase which lasted from, 1960 ‘s to 1980 ‘s. Samuel Kirk, is responsible for the term â€Å"learning disabled† . He took those words and used it to replace the name of the first term â€Å"brain injury† . After this term took the topographic point of† encephalon injured† and minimum encephalon dysfunction† , it seemed like there was hope for kids with larning jobs. The U.S. legislative assembly began to acknowledge the rights of persons with disablements, which prevents schools from know aparting against particular needs pupils. The US legislative assembly Torahs demand that all of the rights be reserved for the rights of an person with particular demands to hold an appropriate instruction, even if the disablements are non covered under the particular needs jurisprudence. The instructors and pedagogues of particular needs pupils remain accountable for the appropriate instruction of these pupils, and they will be held accountable in the tribunal of jurisprudence even if it means losing their occup ation or locked up in gaol. Schools started set uping plans for the acquisition disabled. Support was provided for instructors to be trained in larning disablements. The most of import portion of the Integration Phase is the Education for All Handicapped Children Act ( PL 94-142 ) in 1975. This act was to guarantee that all pupils no affair what type of job they had would have a â€Å"free and appropriate public education.† ( IDEA, Individuals with Disabilities and Special Needs Act ) . The last stage is the Current Phase, from the 1980 ‘s to the present. One of the most of import stages in the plan is inclusion. Inclusion is when schools mainstream pupils into regular categories pupils with disablements in regular schoolrooms in their vicinity schools, with collaborative attempts and support services as needed for each single pupil. Another facet of the Current Phase is when the EMA of 1975 was written as IDEA in 1990. IDEA, persons with Disabilities Education Act, made it difficult to suspend or throw out pupil s with larning disablements because of their behaviour. IDEA besides required that each acquisition disabled kid have an IEP, Individual Education Plan. An IEP is a papers that must include current public presentation of the pupil, the one-year ends the pupils need to accomplish, particular instruction and related services. This Plan besides included the kid demands, engagement, if any, with nondisabled kids, alterations needed to take province trial, day of the months and topographic points of when and where particular services will be provided and the mensurating advancement of the kid, and any particular adjustments that the kid may necessitate. Before a pupil can hold an IEP, they foremost must be labeled as a pupil with a learning disablement. The parents, particular instruction instructors, the school counsel counsellor, regular instructor, the school ‘s psychologist, and the rule are ever notified and included in the programs for this meeting. There are phases to calculate out whether or non a kid has a learning disablement and need particular services. The first phase is detecting if a pupil is holding trouble in one or more capable countries. The following measure is to measure the kid ‘s suspected disablement country, but before this can take topographic point the school must have permission from the parents to measure the kid. The eligibility is decided by a group of qualified professionals along with the parent to find if the kid has a disablement defined in IDEA. If the kid is found eligible, the IEP squad will run into to discourse and compose and IEP for the handicapped kid within 30 yearss of the pupil being identified as handicapped. The IEP squad meeting is held and the IEP is written in collaborative attempts from all members of the IEP squad. ( U.S. Department of Education, 20, Feb, 2001 ) Services are so provided for the pupil. At the terminal of the twelvemonth, advancement is measured and the IEP is r eviewed. After this procedure takes topographic point, every three old ages the pupil is reevaluated. By jurisprudence certain persons must be involved in the authorship of a kid ‘s Individual Education Program. Parents must be involved because they know their kid and what their kid may necessitate. Regular instruction instructors, if the pupil will be mainstreamed into regular schoolrooms some clip during the twenty-four hours, are a demand on the squad, because they know the general course of study of the pupil. They besides have cognition of how to manage pupils with behavior jobs. The following member of the IEP squad should be a particular instruction instructor. This individual will be able to lend their cognition in how to modify general course of study and proving to assist the particular demands kid learn and demo what they have learned. The particular instruction instructor besides has the duty to learn the pupil and transport out the IEP procedure. The persons invol ved in the IEP squad are single who can construe ratings result ‘s, represent the school system, persons with cognition of particular expertness about the kid ‘s, representatives from transitional service bureaus and the pupil who the IEP is being written for. In decision, particular instruction has gone through many stages and phases of the manner a kid should be taught in the past decennary. The jurisprudence has made a way for those with larning jobs and now there is non halting them. Children with larning disablements eventually have a opportunity to stand out in school and the Torahs have made it possible for them to take advantage of the chances for them to hold normal life. How to cite The history of special education, Essay examples

A Dream Deferred While Langhston Hughes Essay Example For Students

A Dream Deferred While Langhston Hughes Essay While Langhston Hughes authors this poem, A Dream Deferred, it can easily be interpreted as Toni Morrison s description of Nel and her life of sorrow and dissatisfaction. Sula and Nel, the protagonists in Toni Morrison s Sula, are each the only daughters of mothers whose distance leaves the young girls with dreams to erase this solitude and loneliness. There is no question that Sula alleviates this aloneness with a lascivious and experimental life, â€Å"I m going down like one of those redwoods. I sure did live in this world†(143). Nel, however, for the most part, fails terribly at realizing her dreams and experiencing a happy existence. Compromising her individuality, her emotional stability, and her dreams mark Nel s banal and unfulfilling life. Early in Nel s life during a trip to New Orleans, she watches as her mother is humiliated by a train s white, racist conductor; she watches the indignity of her mother s having to squat in an open field to urinate while white train passengers gaze; and she watches her mother s shame at her own Creole mother s libidinous lifestyle. We will write a custom essay on A Dream Deferred While Langhston Hughes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Her mother s submissiveness and humiliation evokes a fear, an anger, and an energy in Nel. Her emotions intensify as she makes a declaration to never be her mother, to never compromise her individuality, â€Å"I m me. I m not their daughter. I m not Nel. I m me. Me†(28). Figuring that her â€Å"me-ness† will take her far, she exclaims â€Å"I want I want to be wonderful†(29). However, that trip to Louisiana â€Å"was the last as well as the first time she was ever to leave Medallion†(29). Initially, Nel s self-declaration empowers her to pursue that dream of independence. She gathers power and joy, and â€Å"the strength to cultivate a friend in spite of mother†(29). Nel achieves a degree of her self-described â€Å"me-ness,† her dream, a separation from her subservient and disgraceful mother, resulting in a new found complacency, â€Å"Nel, who regarded the oppressive neatness of her home with dread, felt comfortable in it with Sula†(29). This happiness was present in both girls, â€Å"Their meeting was fortunate for it let them use each other to grow on†(49). Unfortunately, as she left Medallion only one time, Nel would discover and enjoy this â€Å"me-ness† only one time. With her marriage to Jude, Nel abandons any dreams of â€Å"me-ness†. She is chosen as Jude s wife, a sign of ownership or possession; she does not choose to be Jude s wife. Nel hopes that Jude s dreams â€Å"of being taken (for a job on the road crew). Not just for the good money, more for the work itself†(81) and that â€Å"he wanted someone to care about his hurt†(82) will become hers, â€Å"She seemed receptive, but hardly anxious†(82). However, by trying to accommodate and understand Jude s desires and hurt, she must compromise her own dreams of individualism. Therefore, Nel is forced, although she never openly objects, into the role of a housewife. Against all of her dreams, she has become the dreaded role of her mother, a traditional black housewife contented by children, her husband, and whatever the townsfolk deemed proper and acceptable. This transformation into her mother exemplifies Nel s loss of individuality. In fact, Nel s independence dissolves to the extent that she cannot recognize herself, â€Å"She didn t even know she had a neck until Jude remarked on it, or that her smile was anything but the spreading of her lips†(84). Even Toni Morrison admits that Nel has lost her â€Å"me-ness†, â€Å"The two of them together would make one Jude†(83). When Jude leaves, after his betrayal with Sula, Nel suffers emotional torment and further problems from her failure to achieve â€Å"me-ness†. It is at this juncture in the work that Toni Morrison employs a unique image to represent Nel s dream: The mud shifted, the leaves stirred, the smell of overripe green things enveloped her and announced the beginnings of her very own howl. The odor evaporated; the leaves were still, the mud settled. And finally there was nothing, just a flake of something dry and nasty in her throat. .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be , .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be .postImageUrl , .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be , .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be:hover , .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be:visited , .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be:active { border:0!important; } .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be:active , .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc2c5a8323a1699added439d36d17b9be:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetic analysis of Ben Jonson EssayShe stood up frightened. There was something just to the right of her, in the air, just out of view. She could not see it, but she knew exactly what it looked like. A gray ball hovering just there. .. Quiet, gray dirty ball. A ball of muddy strings, but without weight. She knew she could not look (109) This passage illustrates Nel s anguish and feelings of failure. The motion and progress of the mud and the leaves in the first paragraph as well as the odor of â€Å"green overripe things† represent the hope and action that Nel once had with her â€Å"me-ness†. Additionally, the â€Å"howl† parallels Nel s former readiness and energy to commence her journey for individuality. However, as the â€Å"odor evaporated†, â€Å"leaves were still†, and â€Å"mud settled†, so does Nel s dream fester like a sore. Until there is nothing left, except a harsh reminder of what once was, â€Å"something dry and nasty in her throat†. Once again she is frightened as she was when she watched her mother s humiliation and submissiveness and made her bold self-declaration of â€Å"me-ness†. This time, however, she is scared that her dream is lost, but she can sense that it still exists although she cannot see it. It is a â€Å"gray dirty ball† with a little substance, but â€Å"no weight†. The ball corresponds to her dream, which still survives, but her dream is nearly dead, with â€Å"no weight†. Twenty-five years later after Sula s death, Nel realizes that she allowed herself to defer her dream until it is too late. Once again, Morrison, utilizes a gray ball with images of leaves and mud to establish the death of Nel s â€Å"me-ness†. â€Å"Leaves stirred; mud shifted; there was the smell of overripe green things. A soft ball of fur broke and scattered like dandelion spores in the breeze†(174). Finally, the dream explodes, and Nel can only reflect. She has wasted opportunities for self-discovery and happiness while her closest friend experienced individuality and joy. After visiting Sula s grave, Nel grasps how crucial Sula was, and how much she coveted Sula s company and lifestyle. As the story closes with her dreams only a figment of her childhood with Sula, Nel breaks down, â€Å"It was a fine cry-loud and long- but it had no bottom and it had no top, just circles and circles of sorrow†(174). Nel had lived like the book ends with â€Å"circles and circles of sorrow†, like a dream deferred.

Aeneid Analysis essays

Aeneid Analysis essays The definition of an epic hero is : a figure of imposing stature, of national or international importance, and of great historical orlegendary significance. Aeneas fits this definition perfectly. Aeneas fits this definition perfectly. Aeneas' character is one of great importance. Known far and wide for his many achievements and adventures, Aeneas receives, appropriately, an incredible amount of respect and admiration from many significant characters throughout this book. As far as history and legend goes, Aeneas plays a huge role in both of these. Aeneas influences history through his adventures which are eventually excepted as Rome's national epic, teaching generations to come. Also, Aeneas holds an enormous stake in legends. As a part of legendary literature, Aeneas' adventures come to life, contributing greatly to the legends of today. Aeneas' life is strongly influenced by the many, and often opposing, gods. Throughout his journeys, Aeneas is affected, both positively an d negatively, by the gods. Venus, the goddess of love and mother of Aeneas and Cupid, is one of these influences. As a concerned mother, Venus desperately longs for her son's safety and goes to extreme lengths to aid him and keep him unharmed. One major action she takes that dramatically impacts Aeneas is to conspire her other son, Cupid, to create a love between Aeneas and Queen Dido of Carthage. Wishing to keep Aeneas from harm along his fated journeys, she used Dido as a distraction to keep Aeneas in Carthage. Aeneas' sudden love for Dido does keep him in Carthage for some time and takes his thoughts away from his fate and upon his new love. Aeneas' unnatural love is also encouraged by Juno, the wife of Jupiter (King of the gods) and queen of the gods. Juno does not wish Aeneas to fulfill his destiny. Juno's favorite city is Carthage and Juno knows Rome's fate is to destroy Carthage someday. If Aeneas fulfills his destiny, Rome will become po...

Free Infrared Surveillance Essay

Free Infrared Surveillance Essay Infrared Surveillance Contemporary world experiences plenty of challenges in the sphere of security The reality is such that old traditional safety and security measures are not capable of coping with the growing threats of terrorist attacks, crimes, natural disasters, etc. Now is the time when novel sophisticated tools appear to solve the problem of ever-growing need for eliminating danger. One of the challenges of potentially dangerous situations might be solved by a tool, which enables people to see in the darkness systems of infrared surveillance. This essay focuses on infrared surveillance and spheres of its application in the modern world, ranging from military to fire control. Infrared security cameras have the special ability to render video in low-light conditions and in total darkness, thus making it possible to disclose what is happening in places where and at the time when human eyes cannot serve reliably (Security Camera Warehouse). Security PRO USA, one of online security centers, states that with the help of infrared surveillance systems people obtain a possibility to get the necessary picture even under the most severe atmospheric or environmental conditions (Security PRO USA). Infrared cameras were originally developed for the military use during the Korean War to further enhance night vision capabilities (Sierra Pacific Corp., 2012). Later on, this technology transferred to various spheres. Now infrared surveillance is widely used in numerous fields, such as military, law enforcement, maintaining perimeter integrity, mobile surveillance, marine surveillance, search and rescue, fire control, facilities safety and security, event or crowd management, etc. (Infrared Cameras Inc., 2012). Infrared surveillance has found its widest application in the military: night seeing, weapon sighting, remote sensing and force protection are just several examples of how infrared surveillance can be used in the military and paramilitary spheres (Sierra Pacific Corp., 2012). Infrared thermal imaging has become an important, cost-efficient solution for a wide variety of military missions such as surveillance, search rescue, force protection, drug interdiction, perimeter integrity maintenance and etc. (Security PRO USA). Border security is one of the vital tasks for any state today This unique challenge combines vast unpopulated territories with long distances and various climate and weather conditions. Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH, one of the leading providers of optical and opto-electronic products and services for defense and security, indicates that monitoring and protecting larger areas presents security institutions with considerable problems, particularly at night and when poor visual conditions exist (Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH). Infrared surveillance systems are an excellent opportunity to control a situation, as their cameras can be networked and provide high-quality imaging under any conditions (IEC Infrared Systems, 2008). Similarly, maintaining perimeter integrity at such facilities as refineries, nuclear power plants, ports, airports and other critical infrastructure also requires an overall control of the territory. Infrared surveillance enables to augment and sometimes completely replace conventional mobile patrols at night - in total darkness states Infrared Cameras Inc., one of the leaders in security systems manufacture (Infrared Cameras Inc., 2012). Mobile infrared systems enable the modern military to deal successfully with improvised explosive devices, which have become the weapon of choice for terrorists and insurgents (IEC Infrared Systems, 2008). Another task that infrared cameras help to fulfill is search and rescue of lost survivors (Infrared Cameras Inc., 2012). Search in the darkness used to be impossible and all attempts stopped at night. Now many lives are saved owing to this modern technology. One more challenging task for infrared surveillance is fire control and management Firefighting and firefighting management requires rapid information receipt. When a territory is covered in smoke, it becomes crucial to get a reliable picture as soon as possible to be able to save lives and prevent further spread of fire. Infrared cameras are the tool to gain this valuable real-time tactical information, which is invaluable in the decision making process (Infrared Cameras Inc., 2012). Many facilities have open-door displays of their products, such as automobiles or simply large areas, which should be protected from penetration. Moreover, they usually have large parking lots, warehouses or long and dark walkways, where it is almost impossible to ensure full and continuous lighting. On the one hand, using infrared surveillance helps save on electricity by eliminating unnecessary lighting over product displays and empty areas. On the other hand, it decreases the risks for employees when they are in poorly lit areas (Infrared Cameras Inc., 2012). Infrared surveillance can benefit law enforcement agencies in general, as it them with an opportunity to see what is not meant to be seen, as most crimes are committed in darkness. In this case infrared surveillance can either help witness a crime and stop it timely, or prevent it by spreading the information in the area that is being watched. There is one more sphere where infrared surveillance may play an important role, which is marine control. Waterfront security is a real challenge as people and equipment have to work in the most severe conditions and there are various threats to detect from swimmers to vessels, submarines and underwater mines. To sum up, infrared surveillance systems can help protect borders, military camps, troops, private and business property, detect explosives and drugs; search for the lost and save lives in fire. Nevertheless, infrared surveillance can not only fulfill security tasks, but also scientific queries, energy audits, etc. as it provides a wide range of applications with the possibility of receiving unique information, which cannot be obtained by other means either due to technology or conditions.

UCSP 3.1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UCSP 3.1 - Essay Example Various stakeholders (Koppleman, 2014) have ferociously deliberated prejudice, which refers to the preconceived notion about a person based on ones nationality, race, gender, creed and sexual preference among others. For example, when an individual is walking along a closed area at night and a group of senior citizens approach carrying metallic and wooden objects on their hands, he or she will not feel threatened. On the contrary, the person will feel threatened when a group of young men approaches him, even without any provocation from their end. In like manner, it has always been perceived that mentally ill persons are prone to violence. Thus, it has remained to be the case irrespective of statistics revealing that mentally ill individuals are no more violence prone than the ordinary people. Stereotyping, which refers to the aspect of adopting ideas about particular people even though such thoughts do not paint the real picture has similarly been a practice in the past and continues to be. For example, it has always been perceived that all politicians are philanders and that they only think of matters that benefit them in a way and make them richer. Racially, it has always been perceived that Muslims are terrorists, Russians are violent and do not care about reputation. In terms of gender, it has always been perceived that all women smell good and that they are affectionate towards the colour pink. Bigotry, which refers to the aspect of being intolerant towards anyone who holds a different opinion from yours has and continues to be practiced in various parts of the society (Koppleman, 2014). For example, it is common knowledge that Atheists are not always accorded the support they need, in some regions, they are not even allowed to occupy public office. In the contemporary society as well, a section of the society cannot tolerate gays. Though several human rights agencies

Othello paper The heroism of othello Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Othello paper The heroism of othello - Essay Example These kinds of characters are plentiful in Shakespeare’s works, including the character of Othello. In this simple statement at the end of his life, he is pointing out for us what his tragic flaw was as well as the source of his heroism. It is in his love for Desdemona that his nobility shines through. The play opens with a mob of angry townspeople coming to do harm to Othello because they believe he has shamed the daughter of one of the merchants. Instead of running, as he is urged to do by Iago, Othello chooses to stand up to these people and make sure that the good name of his legally bound wife is defended. Rather than fighting with these people, he tells them, â€Å"Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them / Good signior, you shall more command with years / Than with your weapons† (I, i, 59-61). In this statement, his nobility shines through as he defends his wife’s honor, acknowledges the respect owed to his elders and refuses to cross swords with them. However, his power to love is flawed by his inability to judge which of his contemporaries he should trust with it. This is demonstrated first through his relationship with Cassio. Cassio is clearly Othello’s favorite officer as he promoted Cassio over Iago. While there may have been other qualifications involved in the decision, there also was reason for Iago to believe he should have been promoted over Cassio. However, when Othello finds Cassio brawling in the streets with gentlemen and drunk, he immediately doubts his own wisdom in placing his affections with this man. Though he still has affection for the man, â€Å"Cassio, I love thee; But never more be officer of mine† (II, ii, 239-240), he cannot respect him and his confidence in his own judgment is thrown into doubt. Cassio’s time with Desdemona further introduces doubt and suspicion into Othello’s

8,9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

8,9 - Essay Example Fundamentally, client satisfaction depends on feeling about a particular customer service extended to them by the businesses. Therefore, businesses have an obligation to add value by providing excellent customer service. In essence, it is significant to practice friendliness, courtesy, attentiveness, care, and responsiveness when dealing with clients even in situations where their requests seem unfavorable. The aforementioned factors are critical to the success of the business enterprise. My experience with a shipping company was embarrassing. I had waited for my products to be delivered in time, but the company did not explain to me comprehensively about the delay. The company sent an email to me in a language that appeared impolite. It was a total disregard and disrespect to me. Instead of communicating effectively the expected date of delivering my product, the company never presented any clear information to when I should receive my product. The company strategy of giving incomplete information was disrespect to me as a loyal customer. It would have been appropriate for the company to plan the message well, and present information that contains the reason for the delay of my product. In addition, the message ought to reflect a language that underpins hope, positivity, and credibility as the company seeks to maintain me as their

Looking At The Effects Of Online Gaming

Looking At The Effects Of Online Gaming Introduction In order to find out a relation between online games and various aspect of players life such as learning, behaviour, social life, and others, many studies have been done. When considering, how can online gaming effect on the player, we come to the four main domains. These are learning in the game based environment, relation between violent games and aggressive behaviour, minors and inappropriate content and addictive behaviour. Aim of this essay is to focus on game addiction as it itself affects many aspects of the life. What motivates player to play and why some players become addicted whilst others do not? Further, what from psychological point of view makes the games addictive and what addiction is? Also aim is to identify differences between game genres and the amount of time they are being played and to answer question if and why online games are becoming so much more popular then games played offline. Is an interaction with other people the only reason? LITERATURE REVIEW If there is speech about addiction, there is also need to mention a motivation. As these two go hand in hand. There is no game addict, who has no motivation to play. First to mention is Bartles model (Seay, 2006) of types of players. It defines four types of players and their specific motivations. They are : achiever, explorer, killer and socializer [see appendix C for explanation]. Yee later derived five motivational facets as opposed to Bartles player types. (Seay 2006, Yee 2002) They are : relationship, immersion, achievement, grief, leadership. [see appendix C for explanation]. These were further modified and are being referred to as Facets ÃŽÂ ± (Seay, 2006) They are : Achievement players place an emphasis on feeling like and being regarded by others as accomplished players. Escapism players value gaming as an opportunity to get away from the pressures of the real world. Role playing players enjoy the fact that gaming allows them to become part of a fantasy world. Manipulation manipulation players are characterized by a desire to annoy and exploit other players. Relationship Relationship players are attracted to the social aspects of gaming. [for full description see Appendix] Challenge and skills are interrelated and the diagram below helps to understand difference between online and offline games in relation to addiction. (Hernà ¡ez, 2006) used this diagram based on the study of psychologist Csikszentmihalyi, to demonstrate relation between skills and challenge. According to Csikszentmihalyi (1990) flow is the state in which people are so intensely involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter; the experience itself is so enjoyable that people will do it even at great cost, for the sheer sake of doing it. If applied on video game, it is clear that game should increase challenge equally to players skill, to keep the player within the flow. According to annual report (Nielsen 2008) 56% of light gamers and 78% of heavy gamers play online games. In most offline games the difficulty is set at the start and will remain on the same level till the end of the game. What leads to player moving from flow to control and eventually to boredom, when he losing interest. Whereas online games, particularly massively multiplayer online role playing games (MMORPGs) are designed to keep player in the flow by increasing challenges accordingly to abilities. MMORPGs are most often connected to the game addiction. Yee 2002 wrote about attraction and motivation factors of MMORPG games. Motivations are mentioned above, so lets explain attraction factors. There are three main attraction factors of mmorpg that encourage time investment and personal attachment. Briefly these are : Inherent reward cycle player is always close to some reward, whether it is level, skill or quest Network of online friends that player accumulates over time. They encourage playing to remain at the same level so they can keep playing together Immersive nature of virtual environment which encourage players to become attached to their virtual characters and tries to enchant player with a fantasy, and make him feel that he is part of something grand and extraordinary Parker 2009 defines addiction as : psychological disorder that affects the way the brain functions by impacting chemical processes related to motivation, decision making, learning, inhibitory control, and pleasure seeking. Behavioural addictions like gambling and sex are forms of psychological dependence; addictions to substances like drugs and alcohol are forms of both psychological and physical dependence. [ for full description see appendix B] When it comes to particular effects as a consequences of addictive behaviour these can be divided into two categories. First is the one which contain physiological consequences, which are mostly the same as with general excessive use of computer whatever the reason (work, games, internet..) and these count back problems, dry eyes, repetitive stress injuries, negative changes in sleep patterns, irregular eating, leading to starvation or obesity, and drowsiness and depression of immune system from lack of sleep (Grabianovski, 2010). These are the same for everyone. The second category represents psychological effects. These are mainly connected to change in the social life of the player and may be various for every player, depending on what type of player it is and what are his motivations for playing. Seay 2006 assumes that players driven by achievement and escapism are most likely to get addicted. Low ability of self regulation is another factor contributing to addictive behaviour. Bandura (1999 cited in Seay 2006, p. 44-45) defines in his social cognitive theory term self-regulation as : the ability of an individual to manage his own behaviour through observation, evaluation, and consequation. Increased amount of play hours leads to loneliness, decreased social support and decreased size of social network (Seay, 2006. p. 54) and these factors contribute to development of depression. Freeman 2006 defines massively multiplayer online role-playing games as : a particular genre of online games in which players from around the world create their own characters that interact with other players in the games virtual world. Players gain points with which to buy powers and advance in the never ending game played in real time. As all players are consistently improving the challenge for others remains on high level even when playing for long time. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Data were collected for the research through questionnaire, because aim was to get a larger amount of quantitative data rather than smaller amount of qualitative data. Twenty five participants (six women) aged in range between eighteen and thirty one years participated. Questionnaire was made anonymous and self-administered in order to maximize rate of honest answers, since some people may feel embarrassed for their answers and thus prefer to answer not honestly if identity is known or when talking face to face on interview. Care was taken to avoid questions, which could cause embarrassment, anger, sadness or frustration. Idea of using observation seems to be not appropriate at all, since it is very time consuming and natural behaviour of observed participant is very questionable. The questions used are closed except of two. Because of the nature of questions, three of them contain option of multiple answers. Reason is to make it easier for participants, by listing the most expected answers and add field for other__ answer, for the case appropriate answer was not included in the list, rather than make question opened. Likely participants would instead of writing full list of their reasons just leave some out. Open question is No.5, which asks for reason why participant prefer online games as this may be more very specific reasons. Also question No.8 is open, asking participant for three favourite games. Purpose is to determine favourite games genre in relation to playing time. To confirm that online MMORPG are most popular among heavy players. To get a further information relating to motivations, it would be useful if participants filled out a online test for Bartles types. DESIGN METHODOLOGY Idea was to prove that mmorpg games are most popular among heavy and hard-core players, as they cover motivation elements of all four player types defined in Bartles model. Further to identify what are the factors, that lead player to addictive behaviour. RESERACH RESULTS Three quarters of participants stated they prefer to play online games. More than one third play video games for more than 15 hours a week. More than half of them consider main reason to be higher challenge and nearly the same number stated the reason to be socializing with people online. Other reasons occur only marginally. See appendix A for charts. EVALUATION OF RESULTS The main reason for playing online games in general is higher challenge, what matches with Csikszentmihalyis diagram and adds credit to its validity. The most popular game played online is first person shooter, but when it comes to hardcore players the mmorpg games become dominant. MMORPG offer open end gameplay in virtual world which is virtually endless, that is the reason why, heavy (more skilled) players are more engaged in online games. Half of the participants for this research, play for less than 8 hours a week, so it is hard to demonstrate relation between playing time and mmorpg online games based on data gathered. But comparison was done to demonstrate what part of these occasional or light players play MMORPG games online. Not surprisingly very small part [see chart 4, appendix A]. On question what aspects of life are most affected by playing, the mostly affected are other hobbies and sleep. This was also predictable, when taken to account that number of heavy players FINDINGS AND RECCOMMENDATIONS Increasing popularity of online games is related to Csikszentmihalyis diagram, which defines the flow (challenge/skill). This is what players look for in games and find mostly in online virtual environments (mmorpg). CONCLUSION Game addiction is very dangerous and may lead to social isolation, broken relationship, divorce, job loss, health problems and depression. Well designed MMORPG contain elements for every player type so, whoever plays it, whatever the motivation is, it is somehow included, that is why these games are most addictive.

The Recipe for Nature Essay -- Daniel Dennett Algorithm Essays

The Recipe for Nature Missing Works Cited Nature is a fluid coalescence of complex magnificence resulting from an algorithmic mastery of simplicity. It is no doubt an awe-inspiring entity that invokes both great curiosity and bafflement in those who attempt to account for its existence and splendor. It is often seen as overly reductionistic, if not  ¡Ã‚ §dangerous ¡Ã‚ ¨, to try to condense the (mindless?) brilliance of nature through any sort of mechanistic or logical means. And here we are faced with what Daniel Dennett calls Darwin ¡Ã‚ ¦s dangerous idea:  ¡Ã‚ §that all the fruits of evolution can be explained as the products of an algorithmic process ¡Ã‚ ¨ (Dennett, 1995 p.60). It is no surprise that this idea might present a problem for the Homo-sapien ego, as it jeopardizes our egocentric concept of  ¡Ã‚ §natural ¡Ã‚ ¨ superiority, as well as fails to satisfy our almost insatiable need to directly account for the expansiveness of the world around us. That is, for many of us it is somehow pessimistic, if not fatalistic, to be satisfied with the idea that we are products of nothing more than a mindless mechanical process (what a dangerous idea this is!) (Dennett, 1995 p.60). The question then inevitably arises: Is Darwin ¡Ã‚ ¦s theory of natural selection really  ¡Ã‚ §powerful enough ¡Ã‚ ¨ to can account for all of the world ¡Ã‚ ¦s design work (i.e., the time, energy and development needed to produce a complex outcome)? (Dennett, 1995) The answer is yes, but only after nature has been unraveled in terms of an algorithmic design and only after the many misunderstandings of Darwin ¡Ã‚ ¦s fundamental ideas have been rectified. If we are to discuss nature and natural selection in terms of being an algorithmic process, we must first define what is meant by an algorithm. An... ...Principle of Accumulation of Design ¡Ã‚ ¨ refers to the fact that the complexity of design work found in nature can be accounted for, not by a definite design process preformed by a designer, but by  ¡Ã‚ §a different sort of process that distributed that work over huge amounts of time, by thriftily conserving the design work that had been accomplished at each stage, so that it didn ¡Ã‚ ¦t have to be done over again ¡Ã‚ ¨ (Dennett, 68). This idea of distributed design work is certainly in line with nature ¡Ã‚ ¦s slow advancement in terms of complexity and  ¡Ã‚ §order of organisms ¡Ã‚ ¨ (Dennett, 69). Furthermore, the Principle of Accumulation of Design does not apply to work done as a result of a single unifying algorithmic process, but to the work done by a  ¡Ã‚ §large class of related algorithms ¡Ã‚ ¨, the conglomeration of which is responsible for the complexity found in nature today (Dennett, 51).

Obtain information in research

RESEARCH METHODOLOGYIdentifying the research method or methodological analysis used to obtain information in a research is indispensable you must make up one's mind which method you are traveling to utilize in order to roll up the informations. Before acquiring started there are a twosome of footings that can be defined such as:Methodology:It is the manner that you are traveling to set about you research, and the attack of the research ( Whittaker 2009 ) .Research Method:Is the manner or the process that you are traveling to roll up your informations. The four most normally used are interviews, questionnaires, focal point groups and documental analysis ( ibid ) .Datas:The information that is needed to reply your research inquiry it is either numerical information or words ( ibid ) . By and large there are two types of research methods or approaches it either quantitative research or qualitative research.Quantitative Research:Normally covering or depicting quantification and measuring which can be analysed utilizing statistical trials to find a relationship between variables ( Whittaker 2009 ) .Qualitative Research:Tends to emphasis word as informations, such as the words of participants in interviews or written informations from paperss ( Whittaker 2009 ) . Recently there has been a tendency to unite these methods and utilize a 3rd method known as assorted method. When the two methods combine the research worker can profit from both for the good of the research. I will unite both methods in my research which is about safety in fictile fabrication because in some parts of the research I will hold to utilize quantitative and in the other parts qualitative as I will warrant subsequently. In quantitative researches world is viewed and inquiry for information is based upon scientific observation instead than philosophical like in qualitative which is non truly clear but by and large smaller sample sizes are used and studied in more deepness and inside informations in qualitative ( Miles and Huberman 1994 ) .Basically, qualitative research seeks to explicate the significance of societal phenomena through researching it instead than seeking to develop specific testable hypothesis like in quantitative. That is why we have used the quantitative portion because it is seeking to develop the safety of fictile fabrication and world is viewed in that. Normally quantitative is valued more than qualitative by governmental organisations as it focuses more in the & A ; lsquo ; what works ‘ docket and is easy generalisable, whereas societal work research has tended to favor qualitative approached ( Miles and Huberman 1994 ) . This research will travel through different stages and phases we can summarize the phases as follows: Phase I: Planning — — & A ; gt ; Stage 1: Choosing a subject: which was & A ; lsquo ; Safety in Plastic Manufacturing ‘ Phase 2: Choosing an attack: unite both quantitative and qualitative methods Phase 3: Determination and composing the literature reappraisal Phase II: DATA COLLECTION — — & A ; gt ; Phase 4: Roll uping your informations: either questionnaires or interviews and instance surveies. Phase 5: Analyzing your informations: by utilizing SPSS Phase 6: Writing your research: present your findings and happen the decision and recommendations if available In this research we will utilize a twosome of methods in-order to obtain the information needed but the most popular methods were interviews, questionnaires and studies. Every method will be defined and why it will be used in this survey.( 1 ) Interviews:Is one of the most popular research methods particularly for societal work, people normally feel familiar with it because it is something used in societal life about every twenty-four hours. Besides, it is a good technique to obtain information from people with cognition and experience, you can believe through your subject and do expressed things, for these ground I have chose interviews to be one of the methods for my survey. I will be questioning directors of mills, executives from wellness administrations and applied scientists these are the people who are suited for interviews because they have good experience in this field that we can utilize to happen the reply to the research inquiry. Some of these people might non be able to run into face to face that is why I will besides utilize telephone interviews it can be non as sufficient and accurate as face to face but still we can acquire utile information from it. Some of the advantages of interviews that they are good at analyzing complex issues and you get rich informations from it, besides your participants are enabled to discourse sensitive issues in an unfastened manner without perpetrating themselves in composing ( Whittaker 2009 ) . In my program we are non traveling to hold a batch of interviews our mark is 15-20 interviews ( depending on the information obtained ) because interviews are clip devouring to finish them and sometimes complicated to analyze them depending on how structured they are, how good is your participant ‘s experience ( Whittaker 2009 ) . There is a scope of interview types but chiefly the can be categorised as: structured, un-structured and semi-structured. In this survey we will utilize more semi-structured and structured interviews. The structured are extremely ordered and chiefly bring forthing quantitative informations that we will necessitate. This will be likely be used with the applied scientists in the mills. The semi-structured will hold a list of inquiries known as interview agenda and it will be more flexible and the order can be changed depending on the responses of the participants. This will be with directors of mills and executives from wellness and administrations. Some of the inquiries can be direct, in-direct, interpreting inquiries, presenting, etc. Silence can be really effectual in giving your participants clip to believe through their response and can add more utile information ( Whittaker 2009 ) .( 2 ) Questionnaires:This is the other type of method that will be used in this survey ; they originate from study tradition, which has a long history in societal scientific disciplines. Surveies are used to analyze big groups normally utilizing a standirised, quantitative attack to place beliefs and attitudes ( Whittaker 2009 ) .Questionnaires should be clear, avoid two-base hit barrelled inquiries, realistic, and non insistent. In this survey questionnaires will be aiming workers from mills that are affected by the deficiency of safety in their mills and employees from wellness administrations and random people who can hold any thought about this issue. To get down with there will be 200questionnaires ; it will be clear and related to safety and will non include any abbreviation that people can non understand. Language that is pec uliarly emotional or value laden and prima inquiries will be avoided excessively. There will be different types of responses like: Exact response: like the figure of old ages in work experience. Category response: such as choosing the degree of instruction. Dichotomous responses: yes/no Scale inquiries: degree of safety in the mill And there are unfastened ended inquiries that will give the participants to show his personal sentiment.( 3 ) Case Surveies:is a elaborate enquiry or experimental methods within a quantitative attack through to ethnography utilizing observation and interviews within a qualitative attack ( Payne and Payne 2004 ) . There will four mills in Saudi Arabia taken as a instance survey to detect the degree of safety there and what it lacks for.Mentions:Miles, M. and Huberman, A. ( 1994 ) Qualitative Data Analysis: An expanded beginning book.2nd editionPayne, G. and Payne, J. ( 2004 ) Key Concepts in Social ResearchWhittaker, A. ( 2009 ) Research Skills for Social Work

The Olmec,Maya,&Aztec are dominating societies of mesoameric essays

The Olmec,Maya,&Aztec are dominating societies of mesoameric essays The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec were dominating societies of Mesoamerica, rich in culture, community, and art. While life may not be completely interpretable yet, much in known about how these societies were constructed, and how their religion dominated their lives. Much is generally made of their massive stonework, their ceremonial complexes, and ritual sacrifices, but their small jade, ceramic, and stone sculpture deserves as much attention as the works of much larger size have received. The Olmec were thought to have set many of the patterns seen in later cultures throughout Mesoamerica.1 San Lorenzo, the oldest known Olmec building site, as of the time of the Britannica article, is known for its Colossal Stone Heads, all of which have prominent facial features. Las Bocas was excavated and many small jade figurines of people in the community were found. Some of these appear to have ritualistic purposes, judging by the incising noted on the sculpture. The Olmec culture spread northwest and southeast, and seemingly influenced later cultures in artistic endeavors2. The concept of sacrifice in Olmec art had ties to the belief of renewal; a birth-death scenario, where one is returned to the source - the underworld.3 Similar to monumental figures of men presenting children, wearing jaguar-baby masks, for sacrifice, human figures were sculpted in a much smaller scale, many of which are ceramic or polished jade (fig. 1). The Las Bocas site of the Olmec produced many small figurines that are thought to represent the people who lived there. These objects display Olmec symbols on their hairstyles or bodies, and because they were found at or near grave sites, these pieces are believed to have more purpose than simply the depiction of daily life.4 An example of this type of sculpture is of a man and woman embracing (fig. 2). The Wrestler figure is an example of Olmec sculpture that should be viewed from all ...

Free Essays on African American Discrimination

All my life I’ve been sheltered from the world, that is, until I entered high school. In my home, elementary school, and in middle school I had the idea that racism and prejudice was over, just because slavery was over. That’s what it was before high school: cut and dry, no slavery, therefore, no racism. I thought that the idea of someone being discriminated against because of the color of his or her skin was, well, I didn’t really think about it. That is until I walked into this school. This school opened my eyes to see that everyone is discriminated against. The problem was I didn’t really know why. All I could think of was African–American people were upset because of their ancestors being enslaved. Our civil rights study really did show me how things were, and it has given me a better understanding of why the world is the way it is. I like the way that our class was able to talk about it openly without anyone getting defensive, itâ€⠄¢s nice to know that we actually have civil people in this school. What I’m trying to say is that this study of civil rights helped me. It wasn’t just another assignment to do; it was an assignment that I looked forward to doing because I honestly knew nothing. I feel now that I know enough to carry an intelligent conversation with another person, and actually know what I’m talking about. And that means it was a great lesson.... Free Essays on African American Discrimination Free Essays on African American Discrimination All my life I’ve been sheltered from the world, that is, until I entered high school. In my home, elementary school, and in middle school I had the idea that racism and prejudice was over, just because slavery was over. That’s what it was before high school: cut and dry, no slavery, therefore, no racism. I thought that the idea of someone being discriminated against because of the color of his or her skin was, well, I didn’t really think about it. That is until I walked into this school. This school opened my eyes to see that everyone is discriminated against. The problem was I didn’t really know why. All I could think of was African–American people were upset because of their ancestors being enslaved. Our civil rights study really did show me how things were, and it has given me a better understanding of why the world is the way it is. I like the way that our class was able to talk about it openly without anyone getting defensive, itâ€⠄¢s nice to know that we actually have civil people in this school. What I’m trying to say is that this study of civil rights helped me. It wasn’t just another assignment to do; it was an assignment that I looked forward to doing because I honestly knew nothing. I feel now that I know enough to carry an intelligent conversation with another person, and actually know what I’m talking about. And that means it was a great lesson....

Micro and macro economic on us trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Micro and macro economic on us trade - Essay Example Microeconomics pertains to the economic decision and choices that are made by individual consumers, firms and industries and the impact it has on the allocation of resources, demand and supply in economies of the market. As demand and supply determines the prices of goods and services available in the market, microeconomics also defines how prices feature in various economic decisions and vice versa. Micro economists are principally apprehensive about studying numerous reasons of market failure and signifying means to correct or stop them, mostly with the help of public policy or by involving the government. (Bernanke, 2003) Monopoly is one of these failures that the market faces. Monopoly mainly crops up when a business produces a good at too cheap a price that its competitors are forced to leave the market. In the US, true Monopoly is rare these days, still IBM, Microsoft and Wal-Mart are bordering to it. Whereas, Oligopoly strikes when, in a specific industry, some of the controll ing businesses collate and set the prices as per their choice for the entire industry to either fallow or leave the market. Oligopolistic industries in the US include accounting and audit services, aircraft, military equipment, music recording industries and film. (Dwivedi, 2002) Businesses that are well-built may consider monopolizing the market by either controlling all possible ways of production or purchasing industrial resources, therefore forcing the competitors to shut down and leave. Not all businesses are granted the rights to monopolize an industry as some governments do intervene and stop such acts. Monopolies and other failures of the market are deemed undesirable and inefficient means of allocation of resources, by the micro economists, and that is the reason why they are not acceptable in any industry. It is suggested by these economist that Perfect Competition shall be utilized to balance the demand and supply ratios. It is the only mean whereby no single firm or indi vidual rules the market price of the goods or services. The price of the product is determined by its total cost and the profits depend on the demand the product has. Perfect Competition maximizes both consumer utility and the profits of a firm while utilizing the resources in an efficient manner. Sadly, these suggestions are seldom infallible as economics consists of numerous interactions between various market forces that are complex in nature. It is almost impossible to foresee the outcome of any economic policy. The job of micro economists is to suggest resolution of market failures that has the finest effect no matter what the inadvertent costs are. (Gwartney, 2009) Microeconomics also determine the most suitable policies keeping in mind the reaction that will be derived from the incentives and disincentives given to the public in such policies. For instance, in the US industries are allowed in urban areas the smoke and particles of chemicals will damage the water and air in th e locality. This will not only make people fall sick, resulting in increase of healthcare facilities and medication and but also hurt the ecological lifecycle of that area. Furthermore, due to the lost beauty of nature, tourism will also be affected. To prevent such hazards, the government controls the areas where such industries are allowed to function, on the advice of the micro economists. If the company does not find this condition conducive to their profits they may choose to relocate elsewhere this would increase unemployment in that area therefore the government may opt to give them some incentive to stay back. This may include a tax break for sometime till they make enough profits to accommodate this policy

Global issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global issues - Essay Example Britain had expanded its empire by military power whereas US has primarily increased its influence and domination through economic supremacy and expansion of trade across the world. Ferguson believes that liberal imperialism can be a good thing primarily because it provides the countries to expand its business across the regions and thereby establish more effective economic supremacy over the nations (Ferguson, 2004). Terrorism is an act of violence and intimidation against innocent people to meet the vested political goals and religious fanatics’ demands, committed by terrorists. They have no moral and infiltrate the society by luring the weak and the vulnerable common man who is then used as medium to commit the heinous crimes. That is the reason that terrorist outfits like Al Qaeda are difficult to combat. Powell Doctrine defines the defense strategy and states that the military power should be used as the last resort and all resources and tools should be used in the war to conquer enemy (Healy, 2003). It encourages nations to employ diplomacy and negotiation techniques to avert war and therefore, significantly restricts imperialistic tendencies of America. United State has increased significant influence in the world polity not only because of its military power but also as the biggest, richest, scientifically most advanced and economically established nation of the world (Johnson, 2004). Ferguson and Johnson have reiterated that in the recent times, America has been sidetracked from its public welfare policies to the use of military power to declare its military supremacy and domination over the weak nations. Zakaria has also compared US influence to that of British Empire and has emphasized that the British empire disintegrated because of lack of effective economic policies and though America’s considerable influence across the globe can be termed as

Text analyses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Text analyses - Essay Example The writer introduces the topic by giving the details on Sydney Central Station. This introduction gives information on its location, the people it serves and its purpose. The same paragraph also introduces the major discussion in the text. The writer then discusses the topic in the subsequent paragraphs before making a conclusion in the last paragraph to recap the content of the body. There is a positive attempt in sentence structure and development of paragraphs. The sentences contain a noun and verb such as in â€Å"As a public sector, Sydney central station is the largest railway station in Australia.† The paragraphs have an introductory sentence and the subsequent sentences support the idea before the concluding sentence recaps them as indicated in the fifth paragraph. Right from the introductory paragraph, the writer exhibits proper coordination through appropriate use of conjunctions such as although, indeed, generally and therefore. For example, â€Å"Although Sydney central station is...† and â€Å"Therefore, in order to give some useful advises†¦Ã¢â‚¬  used to introduce a contradictory sentence and to express an eventuality respectively. There is good use of noun phrases such as â€Å"poor facilities† and â€Å"long queues†. Both simple and complex sentences have been correctly used. Examples include â€Å"Therefore, all the series of problems are to be solved† and â€Å"Typically, the Sydney central railway station is responsible for satisfying all customers and improving the high level of service† respectively. The writer uses active voice to show authority in expressing own opinion. This is seen in â€Å"In my opinion, it is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is critically used in the conclusion paragraph to stam p authority in the essay. On the other hand, the writer portrays some weaknesses in the essay. There is inappropriate use of conjunctions such as above all in â€Å"above all, the most obvious symbol of the station’s problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The writer sought

American Films and Backhoe Operators Essay Example for Free

American Films and Backhoe Operators Essay Analysis Jim worked as a laborer for a gas utility in Winnipeg, Manitoba. When the opportunity came to apply for a backhoe/front-end-loader operator job, he was excited. Three people applied. To select the one who would get the job, the company asked each of them to go out and actually work on the backhoe for a day. Jim felt his chance for the job disappear because he had never even driven a tractor, let alone used a backhoe. When he went out, he did not know how to start the tractor. One of the other backhoe operators had to show him. He managed through the day, and to his surprise, did better than the others. He was given the job. On his first day at the new job, one of the other backhoe operators showed him where to check the hydraulic fluid and said, â€Å"These old Masseys are foolproof. You will be okay. † Jim taught himself how to dig a hole by trial and error. He initially believed that the best way was to fill the bucket as much as possible before lifting it out of the hole and emptying it. He would wiggle the bucket back and forth until it was submerged and then curl it. When it came out of the hole, the earth would be falling off the sides. This job was not so difficult after all, he thought. He cut through his first water line about two weeks after starting his new job. Going into a deep, muddy hole did not make the crew happy. After Jim cut through his third water line, the crew chief pulled him aside and said, â€Å"You are taking too much earth out with each bucket, so you don’t feel the bucket hitting the water line; ease up a bit. Water lines were usually six to eight feet down, so Jim would dig until about four feet and then try to be more careful. It was then that he pulled up some telephone lines that were only about three feet deep. Realizing that more was involved in operating a backhoe than he first had thought, he sought out Bill Granger, who was known to have broken a water line only twice in his 15 years. It was said that he was so good that he could dig underneath the gas lines—a claim that Jim doubted. Bill said, â€Å"You need to be able to feel any restriction. The way to do that is to have more than one of your levers open at the same time. Operating the bucket lever and the boom lever at the same time reduces the power and causes the machine to stop rather than cut through a line of any type. † Jim began to use this method but still broke water lines. The difference now was that he knew immediately when he broke a line. He could feel the extra pull, whereas in the past, he found out either by seeing water gushing up or by hearing the crew chief swearing at him. He was getting better. Jim never did become as good as Bill Granger. In fact, two years later, he applied for another job as gas repairperson and was promoted, but the training as a gas repairperson was not much better. Case Questions 1. What are the potential costs to this lack of training? Why do you think the company operated in this manner? 2. What type of training would you recommend: OJT, classroom, or a combination? Describe what the training might entail. 3. What type of training environment would you provide? 4. Who would you get to do the training, and why? 5. Would you consider purchasing a training program for backhoe operators? Provide your rationale.

Impact of HIV on Society

Impact of HIV on Society The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic is one of the most serious contemporary sexual health related issue affecting the human race today. By the end of 2009, it was approximated that 34 million people were living with the HIV virus and deaths related to AIDS were about 1.8 million people. HIV/AIDS has been the worst pandemic since its discovery; having claimed over twenty five million lives by 2005 with the Sub- Saharan Africa being the most affected (Douek, Roederer Koup, 2009). This paper focuses on the impact psychosocial, cultural and economic of HIV/AIDS and its related sexual health problems on the individual as well as the community. HIV/AIDS has a huge impact on the infected individuals family unit and the community they live in. The impact is dependent on the mode in which the virus is transmitted among communities (and who it infects), the diagnosis of infection, and the community setting in which the individual and family live. Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two strains of the virus, HIV-1 and HIV-2, have been described. AIDS is a human disease in which there is gradual failure of the bodys defence (immune) system thereby leading to severe and fatal opportunistic infections and cancers (Douek, Roederer Koup, 2009). Infection with HIV occurs through coming in contact with infected body fluids such as blood, breast milk, and sexual fluids such as pre-ejaculate, semen and vaginal fluids. The key modes of transmission are unsafe sex with infected person-both heterosexual and homosexual, contaminated items such as needles and razors, breastfeeding, and infected mothers infecting the newborn during birth. Blood and blood products screening for HIV has greatly eradicated infections transmission through infected blood and blood products transfusions. HIV eventually progresses to AIDS; the individuals mostly succumb to opportunistic infectio ns or malignancies resulting from progressive weakening of the immune system. Different individuals infected with HIV develop AIDS at different rates depending on the host, viral, and environmental factors; many develop to AIDS within ten years but in some it may be earlier or later. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS; treatment involves life-long use of a combination of anti-retroviral drugs and a cocktail of other drugs to treat any opportunistic infections (Douek, Roederer Koup, 2009). Infection with HIV usually has a huge physical, mental, social and economic impact on infected individuals, their families as well as the community in which they live. Stigmatization by other community members aggravates this impact; it hampers the prevention and management of HIV and impedes social support and disclosure of HIV status. The family units mostly affected by the HIV scourge are those of low socioeconomic status, such as drug users, asylum seekers and emigrants. The long-term impacts of living with HIV due to invention of better HIV care and management such as HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy) have also evolved and changed many social aspects such as parenthood, disclosure HIV status and long term effects of the use of HAART on the individual. Another impact of the HIV is depicted in the inequality and discrimination individuals living with HIV experience when it comes to matters such as securing or sustaining employment and vital services like life assurance . Children have been known to bear the greatest impacts of HIV especially those orphaned and those infected with HIV. The number of orphans has been on steady rise due to AIDS-related deaths of the guardians and the fact HAART is ensuring infants born with HIV can live with the virus till they reach adolescence or beyond. All these factors collectively affect the community around them both socially and economically. The Physical, Psychological and Social Impact of HIV on Individual and Families Infection with HIV/AIDS leads to numerous bodily, mental and social issues that affect the individual and impacts on their families and communities at large. In the contemporary society, the definition of a family shifts from the traditional structure of biologically related members to include socially chosen relationships, for instance, close friends, partners, and close external family relationships such as homosexual men (Green, 2011). Before the discovery of anti-retroviral drugs, infection with HIV meant death within a short period of time. However, after the invention of HAART over a decade ago, there has been a gradual decline on the number of individuals succumbing to AIDS-related diseases in Australia, Europe and the United States. Currently, families have to deal with HIV infection as a chronic disease to be coped with for the life span of the infected individuals (Zuniga, Whiteside and Ghaziani, 2008). The requirement to take complex regime of many drugs is the foremost bu rden for the HIV-infected individual; many patients suffer anxiety, frustration, depression and hopelessness especially when the drugs do not accomplish or maintain the perceived benefits expected from the treatment regime. This could be due to virus mutation and individual resistance to the drugs (Zuniga, Whiteside and Ghaziani, 2008). It is documented that even when the treatment is effective, patients have other form uncertainties and distress. The impact of the HIV treatment is further aggravated by other factors such as worry about employment, sexuality, the prospects of relationships, and the social reactions of other community members. HAART has numerous side-effects, such as cardiovascular diseases and several of which have psychosocial consequences like lipodystrophy (Zuniga, Whiteside and Ghaziani, 2008). Members of the family may also be burdened by giving care to the infected as the disease advances, and they may be distressed by the stigma often associated with HIV infection. Another impact of HIV is the stigma and discrimination against persons living with HIV/AIDS. Apart from having to endure treatment with severe side-effects, they constantly have to cope with rejection and social discrimination. People with HIV/AIDS have to put with being labelled as victims a term that implies defeat, helplessness and dependence upon help from othersÂÂ  (Matic, Lazarus Donoghoe, 2006). The forms of stigma and discrimination vary geographically. Many nations have regulations that control the travel, entry and residence of persons living with HIV/AIDS. By the end of 2010, individuals living with the virus were restricted on long stays of over three months in sixty countries and eighteen of these even applied limitations on short term residence (Stutterheim et al, 2009) In healthcare sector, the common examples of stigma and discrimination experienced are being denied access to facilities and drugs, mandatory HIV testing without individual consent, and breach of c onfidentiality over the persons status. In the workplace, stigma from employers and fellow workers include social isolation and mockery, or experience biased practices, such as dismissal or denial of employment (Stutterheim et al, 2009). Others instances include denial of entry into a country, forced eviction from residence by their families and rejection by colleagues and friends. Stigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS greatly hinders efforts to successfully battle the HIV and AIDS pandemic. This fear of discrimination frequently averts individuals from seeking treatment and management of AIDS or from publicly disclosing their HIV status. On numerous occasions, the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS can extend to the family and siblings of the infected individual, creating an emotional burden on those left behind. HIV/AIDS-related stigma modifies over time as infection levels, understanding of the disease and treatment availability vary. For instance, in the Netherlands, the community response to persons with HIV/AIDS is quite positive; understanding of HAART was linked to perception of lower risk, with a positive attitude towards gay people, less fear, and a greater readiness to have personal contact with people with HIV/AIDS. However, in Eastern Europe, discrimination may be more severe, particularly of specific groups, such as gays (Stutterheim et al, 2009). Economic Impact of HIV HIV/AIDS has had the greatest negative effect on the economies of many countries all over the world. The pandemic has been devastating for many nations where it has caused deep poverty both to the individual, families and community. The magnitude of economic and demographic impact of HIV/AIDS infection in third world countries is pronounced due to the fact that it affects persons in the most economically able and productive age. Besides, it is also weighing down on the economic and health gains made in the last few decades. People with HIV/AIDS create a profound burden for public finances, especially in the sector of health. In a number of Caribbean countries, HIV/AIDS patients take up as many as a quarter of existing hospital beds (Green, 2011). The sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected with southern Africa leading with the effects of the virus. The World Bank approximation shows that gross domestic product (GDP) of South Africa reduced by twenty percent in 2010 due to the effects of the deadly virus (Salinas Haacker, 2006). Many other countries are using huge portion of their economic resources in providing treatment and care for people with HIV/AIDS. A research carried out by the University of the West Indies shows that the GDP of countries such as Trinidad and Tobago will drop by over five percent and that of Jamaica by 6.4 percent as a result of HIV/AIDS. The economic impact is poverty, a reduction in investments and savings, and rise of unemployment in vital industries such as agriculture and manufacturing (Salinas Haacker, 2006). The economic impact of HIV is greatly felt by the individual and their families. HIV/AIDS in many cases results in loss of income of the breadwinners and increase in expenditures as a result of caring for the infected. Families affected by HIV deplete their savings and assets in order to cope with increased expenditure and income shocks. Firm profits, savings and investments may reduce due to increase AIDS-related expenditure and lower labour productivity (Whiteside, 2008). According to ILO estimates, close to thirty seven million persons worldwide who are engaged in productive economic activities are HIV-positive. The mortality of these adults leaves the children as orphans and in cases where they were the sole bread winners; the children are left destitute (Green, 2011). Impact of HIV on Parenthood and Children The development of HAARTs has had an impact on pregnancy planning among people living with HIV. In the pre-HAART era, HIV-positive women were faced with their HIV status and the expected bleak outcome of death. The number AIDS-related deaths, however, has drastically gone down in women living with AIDS due to HAART; they now live longer healthier lives. Among the women in the reproductive age who are living with HIV, the decision about pregnancy is becoming an important one; this due to reduction of the risk of vertical transmission of the virus to the newborn (Noroski, 2009). Gains in prevention of mother to child transmission have led to emergence of new dimensions in the way communities view parenthood. Parenthood in HIV infected people is still eliciting many physical and social effects especially due to stigma and discrimination associated with the virus. Noroski (2009) outlines that concerns that might determine parenting decisions among people living with AIDS are the aspirati on for parenthood, religious beliefs, children one had before, the position of spouse and health care providers, and apparent spouse capacity to parent successfully. HIV/AIDS has greatly changed parenthood. Research findings shows that close to seventy percent of all HIV infected parents regarded their family planning to be over, since they did not plan bear any more children, sixteen percent were undecided, while fourteen percent had an explicit longing to have more children (Wacharasan and Homchampa, 2008). Children who are infected with HIV either during birth or later through breast milk now have a chance to survive up to adolescence owing to better treatment regimes. This means that more adolescents increasingly have to cope with the virus. Children living with HIV/AIDS have a high risk of death from opportunistic infections. The virus affects the children psychologically and leads to neurological impairment; as a result they have pronounced cognitive insufficiency or diminished cognitive abilities, have behavioural difficulties, and have a general low quality life. Children living with HIV may also experience challenges in leading a normal life due to the medication they must use regularly as well as problems that result from disclosure of their HIV status (Noroski, 2009). The other main impacts of HIV on motherhood are ethical concerns about the possible danger of spreading the virus to the newborn, the socioeconomic impact, concerns and stigma associated with bringing up a child by a parent who has a potentially fatal disease. The HIV/AIDS pandemic has greatly contributed to increase in the number of orphans universally. In Africa alone, there are over twelve million children orphaned by AIDS pandemic. The children are left destitute; at times the elder adolescents have to take up the parenting roles while majority are taken care of by their extended family members or foster parents. This long term care causes economic difficulties as financial resources are strained. The children become fully deprived of the care, guidance and protection of their parents and social problems begin to crop up. The children find themselves prematurely out of school. Statistics show that many of these children have to drop their education due to lack of resources, stigma and discrimination or simply to take up the role of premature parenting resulting from death of their parents. These effects are more pronounced especially after death of both parents. HIV/AIDS in the long term leads to numerous social impacts on the communit y such increase in crime rates, poverty, drug abuse, illiteracy, reduced productivity and eventual collapse of social system. Impact of HIV on Caregivers and Healthcare Sector The major burden of caring for the people living with AIDS rests with the family and the health care providers. In the era before anti retroviral therapy, this used to be an immensely stressing task because most of times the health of the infected patients deteriorated rapidly, they were bedridden and has to be taken care of. The advent of HAART has greatly improved the need for round the clock help since the patient can now lead a healthier life without need for much help. Important care givers are mainly the family, close friends and health workers. The major impact of HIV on the caregivers is stigma; usually referred to as secondary stigma or stigma by association. Parents of people living with HIV may be held responsible for the immoral behaviour that led to infection of their children with HIV. Wacharasan and Homchampa (2008) reported stigmatization as a primary concern for the caregivers. Rather than face stigmatization, caregivers may try to conceal their care giving activities by withdrawing from social relationships. In clinical practice, family caregivers may exacerbate demands of care giving by driving long distances to avoid community awareness of their care recipients HIV status. Some informal caregivers even avoid employing the professional home services of home health care, infusion therapy hospice, and hospice providers to avoid HIV/AIDS disclosure in their communities. Nurses working with informal caregivers fearful of status disclosure must be sensitive to the familys caregivers fear of discrimination and stigma (Wight et al, 2006). Nurses, knowledgeable of HIV friendly referral agencies with well established histories of providing confidential services can play a role in meeting the need for professional home-centred services and bringing solace to an informal caregiver fearful of HIV stigmatization. Caregivers of HIV-infected children also face stigma. Thampanichawat (2008) found primary caregivers of children with HIV infection dealt with the stigma of AIDS while managing their anxiety and fear of loss. Bore much burden of care and faced many difficulties because of limited resources. Similar studies report increased financial difficulties, problems in child care and support and compromised help-seeking due to stigma. These findings emphasize the need to develop interventions to enable caregivers to seek out and identify financial resources and child care to support and empower caregivers to deal with stigma. Health care providers also may fears stigmatization in their work with HIV-positive patients. Caregivers, both formal and informal, commonly experience stigma from their association with HIV/aids and people living with it. This stigma may influence their willingness to work with those with HIV/AIDS or make their work more difficult. Conclusion Annually, across Australia and the world, many individuals get infected with HIV; thousands living with HIV develop AIDS. The impact of contracting and living with this virus hugely challenging and depends on the society the infected person lives in. The impact may determine the effectiveness of the management program, adherence to the treatment regimen and prevention of new infections. The major challenges are to encourage HIV testing for the risk groups, encourage status disclosure, availing a timely and effective management and care to all people living with HIV/AIDS, to endeavour in developing contemporary prevention methods that consider the variable patterns of the pandemic, and to eradicate the economic, physical and psychosocial impacts of HIV infection. Policies should incorporate the needs of individuals, families and the community in order to effectively address the impact of HIV on various sectors.

Pollution Essay: Global Warming is Real :: Climate Change Environment

There is a problem, one which we cannot ignore. We must recognize this as a first step in coming up with solutions and bringing about change. Still, there are entities masquerading behind false pretenses that cultivate climate skepticism. Climate skepticism is a propaganda which states that global warming is nothing but natural, and that the human race has nothing to do with it whatsoever! They try to prove using elaborate schemes that climate change is a scam, and discredit with bogus scientific findings those which are true and verifiable discoveries. One of the latter, however, expels any more doubts that humans are not at all liable to the anomalous changes in the environment, and this is the discovery of the CFC-generated hole in the ozone layer. Governments and corporations with a lot at stake cover up this ugly truth by planting uncertainties and circulating false information among the general population. And then, there are those people who are in complete denial or are simply oblivious to the rampant and seemingly unstoppable chain reaction of the climate change phenomenon, and to the fact that it is man-made. Isn't the Earth hot enough? Aren't polar ice caps melting fast enough? Isn't desertification obvious enough for these people? Guess not. Living life as if it was their own, caring for nothing else but their pathetic, borrowed lives. Never did it occur to them that there are other creatures - people, plants and animals - that coexist with them. A grim future awaits the younger generations as a consequence of their actions - and inactions. We are all responsible, whether we admit it or not. We are accountable for the damages we continuously and carelessly impose upon the Earth.

Continuing Differences Between US Essay

U. S. GAAP IFRS Convergence In January 2008, the U. S. SEC issued a final rule that adopted rules that allowed non U. S. -based issuers’ financial statements in accordance with the IRRS, as issued by IASB, without the need to reconcile with the U. S. GAAP (SEC, pp. 20, 2008). In its ruling, the SEC acknowledged that the convergence efforts between the IFRS and U. S. GAAP have made progress in eliminating many disparities. The SEC acknowledged that its prior complaints on lack of information or disclosure by foreign issuers on certain areas, and the manner of presentation of their financial statements have been resolved by the convergence efforts. The SEC, however, recognize that a number of difference still exist, with some accounting subjects that the IFRS has yet to fully address ( SEC, pp. 20, 1998). Continuing Differences Between US GAAP and IFRS According to the SEC, due to their sources, U. S. GAAP and IFRS will continue to have differences regardless of their convergence. The SEC said that these include (i) the effects of mergers, combinations and other legacy transactions that happened when the convergence was still initiated, and (ii) those arising as a result of accounting elections (for example, hedge accounting) that foreign issuers make under those standards (SEC, pp. 21, 2008). The International Accounting Standards Board in its 2005 report said that certain divergence issues has to be addressed in the long-term. These include (i) classification of debts on refinancing or default under credit agreements, (ii) differences in financial instruments’ accounting, (iii) post-employment benefits, and (iv) long-lived assets impairment and borrowing costs’ capitalization. AIFRS/Australian GAAP PricewaterhouseCoopers reviewed the the Australian equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards (AIFRS) and gave recommendations to the Australian Accounting Standards Board. PwC pointed to divergences between Australian Standards (AIFRS) and IFRS: According to PWC, the implementation of AIRFS is expect to improve corporate governance and financial reporting in Australia. Ernst & Young Report Ernst & Young said the IRS differ significantly from those principles in use. Among other things, the IRS’ protocol on business combinations compel recognition of more intangible assets to be valued an recognized than practiced in local accounting rules. E&Y said that the IFRS will help companies improve their internal control as it requires more extensive reporting procedures, and will require greater transparency among firms as a common financial standard will be used. E&Y said in its report that the conversion to IFRS has a substantial impact on financial reporting which requires management and personnel to focus on improving strategy because: * financial statements’ presentation has been modified * measurement of assets and debts may result in increase in earnings and volatility in equity. * additional disclosures would be required. REFERENCES Final Rule: Acceptance From Foreign Private Issuers of Financial. January 9, 2008. Securities and Exchange Commission. http://www. sec. gov/rules/final/2007/33-8879. pdf International Convergence status. 15 June 2008. International Accounting Standards Board. http://72. 3. 243. 42/fasac/06-21-05_intl. pdf Padoa-Scioppa. 19 May 2006. Financial Times. retrieved 13 Aug. 2008. http://www. iasb. org/News/Announcements+and+Speeches/Work+on+converging+accounting+standards+must+go+on. htm PriceWaterhouseCoopers. 28 Jan. 2005. Submission to Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services. http://www. aph. gov. au/SENATE/committee/corporations_ctte/completed_inquiries/2004-07/aas/submissions/sub22. pdf