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Tess Of D`Urbervilles Essay Example For Students

Tess Of D'Urbervilles Essay Tess Of D'UrbervillesIf composed today, Tess of the durbervilles by Thomas Hardy may have been calledJust Call Me Job or Tess: Victim of Fate. All through this regularly hopeless novel, thereader is constrained by Tesss condition to identify with the champion (for lackof a superior term) as life gives her blow in the wake of frightening blow. One of thereasons that the peruser can do so might be the fatalistic methodology Hardyhas taken with the life of the fundamental character. Solid composes Tess as a casualty ofFate. This permits the peruser to not reprimand her for the things that happen aroundher. A significant part of the basic discussion encompassing Tess bases on this verypoint: Is Tess a casualty? Are the things that happen to Tess past her controlor would she be able to have battled out of her conditions? Even better, couldHardy have thought of her out of her difficulties or did his fatalistic way to deal with thenovel constrain him to eventually forfeit poor Tess? Further , Is Hardys approachto the novel and its fundamental character really fatalistic? In this article, I willexplore these inquiries and the convention of Fatalism as it applies to Tess. We will compose a custom article on Tess Of D'Urbervilles explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Capitulation to the inevitable is characterized in Websters Dictionary as the precept that all thingstake place by inescapable need (175). Capitulation to the inevitable is the possibility that allactions are constrained by Fate, a crude power that exists free ofhuman wills and outside of the controls of intensity of a preeminent being, for example, Godbecause God at last has no force; he is a production of man who allowed Him Hispower. Since He doesnt really have those forces, he is left without theability to adjust conditions. To put it plainly, on the off chance that one buys in to this doctrine,you accept that Fate controls how things occur and God can do nothing to saveyou, even Tess. Generally speaking, Tess appears to experience life encountering one negativeevent after another. Critical occurrences, caught discussions and undeliveredletters neutralize her capacity to control the way her life takes. Tesssfuture appears bolted up from the earliest starting point of the novel. A s the story opens, wefirst meet her dad and learn of Tesss parentage: Durbeyfieldare thelineal agent of the old and noble group of the dUrbervillesthatrenowned knight who originated from Normandyif knighthood were inherited, similar to abaronetcy would be Sir John (4). Some way or another the peruser knows almostimmediately that this information isnt essentially going to spare the poor clan,especially once we learn of the Fate of Tesss precursors: Where do wedUrbervilles live? asks Sir John to the parson who responds,You dont live anyplace. You are terminated (5). On the off chance that one has confidence in theconcept of common determination, they likely acknowledge rather rapidly that thisisnt the best family from which to plunge. Tess appears to detect her doomedstate. This is confirm in her relationship with the dUrberville group. Instances of this are her capacity to see or hear the dUrberville Coach and herrealization of her similarity to the dUrberville lady of the farmhouse atWellbridge: fine highlights were verifiably recognizable in theseexaggerated structures (277). These scary occasions propose that the fateddUrberville blood without a doubt moves through her veins. Another model ofTesss consciousness of being doomed is the point at which she meets Alec. Tess mourns abouther destiny: Had she seen this gatherings import she may have asked whyshe was bound to be seen and changed over that day by an inappropriate man, and not bysome other man, the privilege and wanted one in all regards (75). She may not haveknown what to call it, however she unquestionably applies the principle of Fatalism toherself which as indicated by creator Leonard Doob is an indication of a personwho feels destined: When the chief is making a decision about himself and accepts that destiny is influencing him, his recognition is usu allydirect: he introspects, thinks, or ponders. Be that as it may, he may react by implication whensomeone else, an eyewitness,, gives him data about himselfFatalism by aprincipal, accordingly, is a critical certainty regulation applied by himabout himself to himself (7). On the off chance that Tess didnt start life feeling as thoughFate was neutralizing her, there are a lot of episodes which could easilyconvince her: the passing of the family horse in view of her carelessness, theletter of admission that slipped underneath the rug and made her enterinto marriage as a double dealing, the demise of her dad, and the arrival of Angeljust past the point of no return. A great many occurrences appear to highlight just a single thing: Tess wasnot intended to have an upbeat presence. So does Tess accept that God can spare her?Throughout the novel, we see Tess moving endlessly from God. She is horrified by theevangelical sign-painter cautioning of punishment and discloses to him that his tea chingsare horriblecursingkilling declining to accept that Godsaid such things (97). Afterward, understanding that God cannot support her, Tessprays to Angel admitting her new religion in a letter: It has been somuch my religion since the time we were hitched to be devoted to you in everythought and look (127). Indeed, even Angel appears to be mindful that God wont spare Tess,thinking as he left, But, may some say, where was Tesss watchman angel?Where was the provision of her straightforward confidence? Maybe, similar to that other god ofwhom the unexpected Tishbite talked, he was talking, or he was seeking after, or he wasin an excursion, or he was dozing and not to be awaked (93). Othercharacters appear to get tied up with Fate too. At the dairy, Angelchooses Tess over different dairymaids who love Angel as much as she does, butthe dairymaids cannot be distraught at Tess in light of the fact that it is Fate which has made thechoice: Are you certain you dont loathe me for it? said T ess in a lowvoiceI dont knowI dont know, mumbled Retty Priddle. I need to loathe ee;but I can't! That is the manner by which I feel, resounded Izz and Marian (12). Nowwe go to the subject of whether Hardy could have spared Tess or if hebelieved that Fate had decided his decisions. There were risks all through thenovel for Hardy to offer Tess a reprieve and give her a break. He decided not to doso. Pundit Arnold Kettle consider this to be as a need: Tesss demise isartistically as inescapable as JulietsShe is facing a social situationthat she can do nothing to determine aside from heartbreakingly, with radical humanloss (23). It appears that if Hardy somehow managed to have been consistent with his craft, he hadno decision yet to execute poor Tess. It would be a mistake in analysis, be that as it may, toclaim in actuality that Fate is the key player in Tesss end. Truth be told, Itis very simple to contend the opposite side of the coin. Hardys passivity isextremely defective. When abso lutely necessary, he regularly depends on incident to furtherbeat Tess down: Alec appearing at spare Tess after the gathering; his reappearanceas minister; the letter sneaking by the rug; Angel slugging a man thatturns up later as Tesss chief. One could contend this is every one of the a piece tooconvenient. Pundit Dorothy Van Ghent appears to concur saying, We have allread or heard analysis of Hardy for his extreme dependence upon incident inthe the executives of his narrativeshe seems, by all accounts, to be an excessive amount of the puppeteerworking wires or strings to cause occasions to fit in with his cynical andfatalistic thoughts (56). Solid at last plays God in a novel where Godis missing and tosses negative conditions in places where they may not havebeen without his control. In any case, you despite everything need to concede, all in all, ourpoor Tess still appears to be very destined. So is Tess and eventually Hardy responsiblefor the things that happen to our courageous woman or is there something bigger workingagainst her? Pundit Leon Waldoff composes that It appears to be difficult to readthe novel with a total dismissal of the possibility that Tess is by one way or another responsiblefor her fateThe portrayal is wherever buttressed by words, for example, doomed,destined, and destined. Be that as it may, the basic connecting is never made and one remainsuncertain regarding why Tesss destiny is inescapable (135). That snapshot of doubtand the uncertain inquiry is the place the contention of Fatalism in Tess gains itsmomentum. One point that I feel must be made. Some contend, including my fellowclassmates, that it was predetermination that unite Alec and Tess. I would arguethat it isn't fate however Fate. Frequently utilized as an equivalent word for fate, Fatediffers somewhat yet fundamentally from the possibility of fate. Writer Leonard Doobexplains in his book, Inevitability, the contrast between the concepts:fate is related with fate, which ty pically has the equivalent negativeconnotationthere can be no wavering that the head with a fataldisease will gave a negative experienceDestiny, on the other hand,frequentlyagain in no way, shape or form alwayssuggests favorable luck and is herewithassigned a relationship with constructive outcome (7). I figure we can all agreethat Tess experiences an insufficiency of favorable luck so it must be Fate, notdestiny, that keeps on giving her a losing hand. There will in all probability neverbe concurrence on Tesss and Hardys capacity to change the result of the novel. .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 , .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 .postImageUrl , .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 , .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797:hover , .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797:visited , .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797:active { border:0!important; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797:active , .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u8daeff3c9c813305e9b27f9fe9421797 .focused content region {

Tips for Dating Someone With Panic Disorder

Tips for Dating Someone With Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Coping Print Tips for Dating Someone With Panic Disorder By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 10, 2019 Fabrice LEROUE / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions If you are considering dating someone with panic disorder, you may have some concerns about his or her health and what it means for your relationship. Even though not every person with panic disorder experiences the condition in the exact same way, there are certain characteristics that are common among panic disorder sufferers. For instance, most people with panic disorder will encounter feelings of fear and anxiety and may be participating in some form of treatment to manage symptoms. Things to Consider When Dating Someone With Panic Disorder Here are some tips to consider when dating someone with panic disorder. Let Go of Assumptions and Learn About the Condition When initially hearing that the person you are dating has panic disorder, certain assumptions may come to mind. For example, you may think that he must be overly nervous and fearful or perhaps you think that he just worries too much. Before making too many judgments about your dating partners disorder, it can be helpful to first learn more about panic disorder. Unfortunately, there are many misconceptions and myths about panic disorder that may have influenced your view of this condition. It may seem that panic disorder is simply an overreaction to fear, however, it is actually a complex condition with many difficult symptoms. Learning more about the symptoms, diagnosis  and treatment options for panic disorder can help you have a better idea of what to expect from your dating partner. Knowing more about their condition can allow you to gain a clearer perspective of what your partner is experiencing. Additionally, your knowledge and understanding may lessen the strain that panic disorder may have on your relationship. Meet Panic With Patience It can be difficult to understand what your partner is dealing with if you have never experienced panic attacks or other anxiety-related symptoms. A person with panic disorder often encounters persistent and unanticipated panic attacks. These attacks are typically felt through distressful thoughts, upsetting emotions, and uncomfortable physical sensations. For example, it is not unusual to feel somatic sensations during a panic attack, such as heart palpitations, shortness of breath, nausea, tingling, shaking  and chest pain. Such symptoms are often accompanied by feelings of fear, nervousness and even shame. When dating a person with panic disorder, it is best to remain patient when your partner is faced with panic attacks and anxiety. Let them know that you are there for them and that you have their safety and welfare in mind. Be careful not to push them into feared situations or dismiss their symptoms, as this can often lead to an increased sense of fear and anxiety. Being empathetic does not mean that you are ignoring your own needs. If you are dealing with your own stress, take time for yourself by practicing self-care and tending to your own needs. Managing your own tension can help you bring your best self to the relationship and can also positively influence your dating partner with panic disorder. Be Supportive Without Suffocating The stigma of panic disorder may prevent your dating partner from opening up further about their condition. Due to fears of rejection and worrying that others cannot relate, people with panic disorder are often susceptible to feelings of loneliness and isolation. It may take some time to build trust before the person you are dating feels comfortable going into details about what it is like to be living with an anxiety disorder. Communicate to your partner that you are available to listen, but that you will not push them into discussing it until they feel ready. Do not bring up their disorder in front of others. Many panic sufferers chose to only tell trusted friends and family about their condition. It can cause embarrassment or other conflicts if you mention their struggle in a group setting. Become Part of the Solution Panic disorder can be a difficult anxiety disorder to deal with  but can be managed through treatment. You can be a part of the solution by helping your partner cope with panic disorder. If your dating partner is interested, you may be able to get involved in the treatment process. For instance, you can help your partner develop coping techniques, be a part of their medication management or even attend occasional therapy sessions. Plus, working together on problem-solving and coping can help your relationship grow. When dating someone with panic disorder, try to keep in mind that no partner is perfect. Every person on this planet has their own set of strengths, traits, and struggles, which make them a unique individual. At the same time, being diagnosed with a mental health condition does not give the person the right to be disrespectful or abusive in any way. A healthy dating relationship with a person with panic disorder can be achieved through mutual respect, patience, and understanding. What Not to Say to Someone With a Panic Disorder

Vivisection Essay example - 1710 Words

Every year in the USA about 70 million animals are experimented on (Monamy 34). Almost all these animals are euthanized after they are no longer needed. But I’m not going to focus on the moral aspect of this subject because that would be a never ending argument of opinions. After doing research I found that there are more important reasons why this practice should be modified. Our government’s dependence on vivisection should be toned down or totally replaced because it is misleading, its faulty results, and with better alternatives available. Vivisection is defined as the cutting of live animals and applies to all experiments conducted on animals. Eighty-five percent of the animals used are rats and mice but dogs, cats, primates,†¦show more content†¦In the 1800s, Claude Bernard was able to convince the scientific and medical community that animal experimentation was necessary to prove theories of human diseases. From this vivisection became a norm for studyi ng diseases and drugs until today. Senator Humphrey further helped the cause, in 1951, by passing a bill that required a lot of the drugs to be prescribed by doctors. In 1961, a law was passed that all drugs were required to be tested on animals before clinic trials. Though 85 percent of USA citizens supported this practice during this time, it seems that as time goes by more people become skeptical of it. The 3Rs was introduced in 1959 by William Russell and Rex Burch. This approach included reducing how many animals were used, revising the way these experiments were done to reduce suffering, and replacing vivisection with alternatives as much as possible. By 1966, the Animal Welfare Act was passed which were rules and guidelines on how animals had to be handled during experimentation. A controversial book published in 1975 titled â€Å"Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals†, made it known for the first time by the public the horrors of animal testing. The author criticized the need for such pain to be inflicted when minimum benefit was obtained. This created what is now the animal right movement and helped decrease the use on animals by 50 percent. The USA citizen support has alsoShow MoreRelatedEssay On Vivisection727 Words   |  3 Pagesand is electrocuted and force-fed chemicals from time to time. This is the life of animals in a laboratory. Live-animal experimentation, also known as vivisection, is not only unethical, but also cruel and unnecessary. In the article â€Å"Vivisection is Right, but it is Nasty- and We must be Brave Enough to Admit This†, Michael Hanlon claims vivisection is a moral necessity that without the use of animals in the laboratory, humans would not have modern medicine like antibiotics, analgesic, and cancerRead MoreVivisection: Animal Experimentation1511 Words   |  7 PagesVivisection Many people today, including scientists and doctors, are questioning the suffering and killing of animals for the sake of human beings. Is it morally correct to dissect a frog or a worm for the purpose of educating a high school student? On the other hand, must We study life to protect life (1:131) The issue of killing animals for the use of biomedical research, education, and cosmetics can be referred as vivisection. Twenty-five to thirty-five million animals are spared in theRead MoreEssay about Animal Testing605 Words   |  3 Pages The history of animal testing can be traced back to the ancient Greeks and Romans. Aelius Galenus was a well known Roman physician and philosopher and an accomplished medical researcher of the Roman period. He is known as the father of vivisection. â€Å"Vivisection means the cutting up of a living animal, and historically referred only to experiments that involved the dissection of live animals.† (AllSands, History Of Animal Testing) In 1859, Charles Darwin wanted to better understand how the humanRead MoreThe Moral Issue Of Vivisection1695 Words   |  7 Pagesnot the case. There is a large amount of research that indicates that animal experiments often lacks validity and do not stand up when transferred to human beings. In addition, the moral issue of vivisection is one that we must all struggle with as human beings. Mohandas Gandhi said â€Å"I abhor vivisection with my whole soul. All the scientific discoveries stained with innocent blood I count as of no consequence.â €  and To my mind the life of a lamb is no less precious than that of a human being. IRead More Vivisection: Is it for you? Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesVivisection: Is it for you? Animal Research has become a heated debate over the past few decades, reaching a high point around the end of the twentieth century yet it still continues through today. There are two main ways to look at this topic: the logos pro side and the pathos anti side. Those who are for animal testing realize the amazing benefits that can come out of such research while those against animal testing stand up for animals’ rights and try to find ways to better such researchRead MoreEssay about Medical Experiments on Animals Create Abuse and Suffering1501 Words   |  7 PagesThe Screams Behind the Creams: An Analysis of Vivisection in the Medical Industry 19.5 million animals are killed every year due to different experiments being tested on the animals. Vivisection is the use of live animals during operation for scientific research. Such animals may include: dogs, cats, primates, guinea pigs, and hamsters. One of the most common forms of vivisection is the experimentation for medical purposes such as making new medicines. The use of animals in the medical industryRead MoreAlternative to Animal Testing Essay911 Words   |  4 Pagesoutcome of new chemicals on the human body system. According to American Anti-Vivisection Society, â€Å"Nine out of ten drugs that appear promising in animals studies go on to fail in human clinical trials.† That indicates that almost ninety percent of traditional animal experiments fail in human trials. Although humans are similar to animals, they still do not have the exact genetic make up as animals. American Anti-Vivisection Society claims that, â€Å"Even the same species have similar differe nces that canRead MoreAnimal Testing Should be Banned543 Words   |  2 Pageslost ones and no one realizes how important their loved ones are to them (The Mystery of Animal Grief). Vivisection basically describes the experimenting of living things by dissecting. Due to vivisection, more and more animals are being protected; thus, vivisection is a major tool that allowed several amazing organizations. â€Å"Private organizations in the United States concerned with vivisection include the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), the National Institutes ofRead MoreSay No to Animal Testing1436 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Testing Help Human Medicine† par. 3). ii. If there are more accurate methods of testing to medical advances, then why are there still so many animals suffering and dying? If cell culture toxicology methods give accuracy rates of 80-85 %,( â€Å"Vivisection Information Network† par. 2), and animal tests and human results agree only 5-25% of the time, animals should not still be suffering, under any circumstances. b. Considering the fact that animals and humans react very differently to different drugsRead MoreAnimal Testing And Its Impact On The Environment2372 Words   |  10 Pagesblood throughout the body through his experience in animal experimentation (Ribatti). In the late 19th century, objection for vivisection (surgery on live animals) increased—a direct relation with the increased adoption of domestic pets in England (Sharp). It wasn’t until this time that physicians were required to have scientific disciplines for their education that vivisection protests began, despite the fact that the Humane Society was established in 1866. Rather similarly to the path the United States

Managing Diversity in the Workplace Essay - 1140 Words

Managing diversity and demographical changes in the workplace presents many dilemmas. Confronted with constant change, management, business educators, and organizational consultants continue to meet the challenges of a new and diverse workforce in a number of ways. Diversity can be defined in numerous ways. Diversity includes all the ways in which people differ, and it encompasses all the different characteristics that make one individual or group different from another. It is all inclusive and recognizes every individual and every group as part of the diversity that should be valued. A broad definition includes not only race, gender, ethnicity, age, national origin, religion and disability, but may include sexual orientation, values,†¦show more content†¦That unceasing mockery made me feel insecure about who I was and where I came from. As I got older, my insecurity changed to a positive nature because of the sense of belonging in an environment where everyone came from the very same ethnic background at the private yeshiva for girls where I was enrolled for the duration of my high school years. I was constantly exposed to the multifarious cultures in our society due to leading a life of living in two worlds, my religious environment with my family in one and my socialization with my deaf friends who came from a variety of ethnic background in another. For what I was exposed with growing up has brought my sense of understanding and respect for ethnicity into perspective. I love learning about others and sharing about mine as well as long as the feelings are mutual. The way I behave affects others’ behaviors towards me. This allows for an amicable and friendly relationship with my fellow peers personally and professionally. With respect to the differences in maintaining skills and abilities, an individual’s behavior can be impacted by its own capabilities or lack thereof. Awareness of one’s physical ability and skill can enhance how one behaves. Maintaining skills is a learned power of doing something competently such as speaking fluently using proper form of language or the memory of mixing drinks. MaintainingShow MoreRelatedManaging Diversity in the Workplace1043 Words   |  5 PagesManaging diverse employees in a multicultural environment proves challenging to managers; yet, increasing diversity in the workplace is very beneficial for an organization. Diverse employees will provide a wider array of talents and will relate better to varied customers. Because managers have more influence than rank-and-file employees, it is imperative that managers commit to diversity of the workforce. Dissimilarities among people due to differences in characteristics can erode companies. FirstlyRead MoreManaging Diversity in the Workplace1356 Words   |  6 Pagesare instances, however, when workplace behavior can get out of hand and be inappropriate, causing a rift between employees. Many companies today hold yearly ethics courses designed to pinpoint an acceptable quality of behavior from their employees and also open up the floor to those who have issues with the company and its policies. Sometimes confronting an issue head on in a supportive environment will help find a positive solution to any issues of harassment or workplace abuse. Harassment should notRead MoreEssay on Managing Diversity in the Workplace1207 Words   |  5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy once said If we cannot end now our differences, at least we can help make the world safe for diversity. Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and the Required Managerial Tools1 Kelli A. Green, Mayra Là ³pez, Allen Wysocki, and Karl Kepner2 Introduction The worlds increasing globalization requires more interaction among people from diverse cultures, beliefs, and backgrounds than ever before. People no longer live and work in an insular marketplace; they are nowRead MoreManaging Diversity Within The Workplace1605 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract- Managing Diversity in the workplace requires a lot of focus, training, and time. This paper gives an insight into the world of management and how diversity plays a big part. It explores the key benefits to putting emphasis on diversity and also how not putting emphasis on diversity could hurt your business. This paper also gives examples on how to go about managing diversity in the workplace. With proper focus on managing diversity, your organization can be at a big advantage. I. INTRODUCTIONRead MoreManaging Diversity in the Workplace Essay3304 Words   |  14 PagesDiversity in the Workplace Abstract Imagine that you are a highly qualified former Hispanic executive who was recently laid off from a fortune 500 hundred company. Within that company you held several key roles in which you were crucial to the success of the organization. In the prior roles you may have never really understood the need or the process of managing diversity. You hold several advanced degrees in key business fields despite all of your experience education and the economy flourishingRead More Managing Diversity in the Workplace Essay1900 Words   |  8 Pagesexercise our diversity. We need to give each other space so that we may both give and receive such beautiful things as ideas, openness, dignity, joy, healing, and inclusion. -- Max de Pree Workplaces today have become increasingly diverse with employees of different genders, races, cultures, ethnic origins, and lifestyles. Changes in the cultural make-up of organizations have been so vast that it has become imperative for leaders and supervisors to understand cultural diversity and how it canRead MoreManaging Diversity And Equality Within The Workplace2677 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Managing diversity and equality effectively in the workplace is the core responsibility of any organization in the contemporary business world. Shen, Chanda, D’Netto and Monga (2009) conducted a survey whose results revealed the massive diversity within the British society in terms of ethnicity, nationality and religion. As a result, the Equality Act of 2010 was formulated and became law whose provisions focus on legal protection against discrimination based on gender re-assignment,Read MoreEssay about Managing Diversity in the Workplace1449 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizations need diversity to become more creative and open to change. Maximizing and capitalizing on workplace diversity has become an important issue for management today (UCSF). Workplace diversity refers to having a variety of different types of people working together within a place of business. Employee gender, race, religion, sexual preference, physical appearance, family or marital status, education, culture, personality, or tenure establishes diversity in the workplace. Diversity is rapidlyRead More Managing Diversity and Ethics in the Workplace - 12979 Words   |  12 Pages Managing Diversity and Ethics in the Workplace Introduction There steps leaders and managers can take to effectively manage diversity and ethics concerns. How a manager effectively manages ethics and diversity, within the organization is directly correlated to the cultural, organizational and external environment influence ethical behavior. One of the step’s leaders and managers can take is to incorporate diversity training of the organization. Read MoreManaging Workplace Diversity Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesDiversity is a term used most often to describe the different types of race, religion, and nationalities but in today’s business world, it is used to describe the different individual behaviors of employees. Diversity is about characteristics and demographics that differ from person to person and how they affect human behavior. To understand how diversity affects the work place let us look at four types of diversity--Differences in skill and abilities, Values and attitudes, Occupation differences

To Toll or Not To Toll Free Essays

Various public facilities have important uses aside from revenue generation of the government. Like the tollgates, these facilities serve for the conduct of checkpoints, safety for the commuting public and substantially generate government revenues. On the contrary, tollgates are also criticized as the bottlenecks of traffic as vehicles lined up at the maximum or minimum performance of the tollkeepers. We will write a custom essay sample on To Toll or Not To Toll or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the State of Connecticut, the Federal state and local governments plans reinstalling tolls on its highways. Several perceptions insinuate that causes of road accidents were due the absence of tollgates. It could be for the reasons that tollgates would slow down the speed of approaching vehicles as tollkeepers manning the traffic congestion from entry and exit lanes. This position paper will discuss and examine several points of considerations relating the reinstallation of tollgates in the State of Connecticut. Discussions It has been earlier reported in the 1980s that the removal of toll booths in the State of Connecticut have subsequently attributed to several road accidents that accounted about seven people who crashed and died at the Stratford tolls. In brief, Connecticut had more than 100 private turnpikes which were built from the period 1790 to 1850. The popularization of automobiles in the mid-20th century resulted to renew toll-backed financing to finance highways. In the 1990s to early 2000, technology plays a vital aspect in toll innovations through the introduction of electronic toll collection machines. Based on the May 10th 2009 news item ‘Toll proposals to be discussed at Thursday hearing’ by Martin B. Cassidy from the electronic publication of The Advocate, the Chairman of the Transportation Strategy Board Kevin Kelleher stated that â€Å"all the tolling concepts would use an EZ-Pass system†, referring to the system that would collect or tabulate fees from cars traveling at a speed of 55 miles per hour and up (1). Corey Sipe (2006) in his article at Associated Content electronic publishing has discussed the analysis of James J. Fazzalaro of the office of Legislative research which cited that one-way gateway toll fees at $1. 00 could generate $58 million in revenues (1). Meanwhile, the web site of BethelRepublicans. Org (2009) has published ‘Opposed to Tolls on I-84 in Danbury’, implying that toll should not only be implemented to generate revenues but also to promote efficiency. Further, it reported that Connecticut Republican Senator Michael McLachlan pointed out on the issue of traffic congestion during a forum held at Western Connecticut State University on March 26th 2009. As cited from the article of BethelRepublicans. Org (2009), it quoted Senator McLachlan who said that â€Å"drivers are trying to avoid the I-84 tolls by rerouting in community areas† (2). In which case, rerouting in the residential community areas congest the traffic of small roads in Danbury and residents could be prone to accidents. It may be acknowledged that Senator McLachlan has raised a considerable point not only on the issue of traffic situation but as well the public safety, in which could pave the way in the implementation of the tolling system. Despite the concern of Senator McLachlan, it was also pointed out that travel time, gas consumption and toll fees could be an added expense to reconsider (2). Indeed, many motorists tend to shorten their travel time and avoid the additional expenses for gas and toll fees. Moreover as previously covered in the article of Martin B. Cassidy (2009), the implementation of congestion pricing addresses the issue of efficiency. According to Cassidy (2009), the South Western Regional Planning Agency Executive Director Floyd Lapp commented that the state should use congestion pricing (1). It can be explained that â€Å"congestion pricing† is the process of charging distinctly separate toll rates on â€Å"peak or off-peak† travel time schedules. Also, the toll rates can be implemented in two ways, namely â€Å"static pricing† is attained in periodic intervals on a monthly or quarterly basis with published toll rates adjustments, while â€Å"dynamic pricing† can be implemented by using â€Å"electronic traffic sensor system† to monitor the volume of traffic and automatically adjust the toll rates. Early this year, the Associated Press in its electronic news has published ‘Report Pending on Highway Tolls in Connecticut’ with reference to the $1 Million research contract which was engaged by Connecticut Transportation Strategy Board (CTSB) with Cambridge Systematics, Inc. (CSI). The Associated Press has implied the result of the research-study could be the turning point to realize the seemingly idyllic yet pending developments on the tolling project implementation. However, the Associated Press quoted that â€Å"it is still doubtful whether the CTSB would be supportive of CSI’s findings and propositions† (1). On the following month after the comments of Associated Press, the year 2009 report of the Cambridge Systematics, Inc. (CSI) was then submitted to Connecticut Transportation Strategy Board (CTSB). The report which entitled: ‘Connecticut Electronic Tolling and Congestion Pricing Study’ was an independent technical study that formulated the strategic and feasible options in the implementation of the toll project. To generally describe the report, it contained variable conceptual framework on how the toll project can be effectively implemented and efficiently perform for public good, together with financial indicators that indicates the cost benefits of the state. Overall, the report has extensively presented the financial viabilities that comprised the operational components. As cited, the CSI report has highlighted the following findings (2): †¢ The New Toll Express Lanes require construction of new lanes and tolling, such as express lanes: A-1: Interstate 95 (Branford to Rhode Island State Line), and A-2: Interstate 84 (Waterbury to New York State Line); †¢ Conceptually, every users pay toll in spite of the occupancy levels and types of vehicles; †¢ Neither access strip would produce traffic congestion, estimating from 6. 2 to 13. 8 percents decline of vehicles for every hour of delay, which shall be implemented at â€Å"I-95 and I-84† toll projects within one year period exclusive of new lanes. CSI (2009) has further presented the estimated revenue generation within a 30-year target, as shown in the illustration below: How to cite To Toll or Not To Toll, Papers

INTERLOCKING TREADMILLS Essays - Economy, Production Economics

INTERLOCKING TREADMILLS Author's Name Institutional Affiliation The initial logic of the treadmill of production was brought to light by Allan Schainberg in the World War II era because of the mode of lifestyle in that period. In juxtaposition to the ecological disorganization of that period, life has become equally disorganized with the hustle and tussle of the life ladder whereby everyone is in the rush to achieve economic success or even academic prosperity. As Schainberg put it, the ecosystem faced destruction brought about by capitalism and the thirst for economic growth (Schnabel, 2017). As the people keep on building structures and facilities for their own betterment, they do not see the environment gradually waste away. The Same case applies to the human thirst for knowledge where we struggle to advance knowledge-wise so much that we even forget that we are only human beings and can do only so much. Life is full of many activities to partake in from recreational to spiritual and so on but due to the rising standards that life requires from us, we are forced to abide by the current state of living. For one to be able to live a posh' life, one needs to study hard in order to get a good well paying job, in order to have a lavish life and hence success. But we look at it like it is the only means of survival. In the real sense, we are slowly being consumed by the studies because they believe if they don't study enough, they will not get their desired jobs because a lot is required by the bosses to confirm acceptance in any desired field. An engineer, for instance, has basic knowledge of their work but most have different levels of education. They will still strive for the advancement of their studies for the employers gauge their work skill by their level of study, not their previous experiences (Vallas, 2016). This makes the engineers work hard in order to get a degree, another higher degree and eventually advance as much as possible. They will eventually get lost in that education in the thirst for further advancement most of them not because they want to but because they have to, if not their fellow engineers will get much more job opportunities and achieve what they all require. In the treadmill of production, they achieved economic growth but in the process also achieved the destruction of the ecological niche in the name of advancement. From cutting down trees to create a space for construction to cut down much more trees to extract the fine resources from them, capitalism was at its peak in this World War II era because modernization began then. Today, the academic era and the life expectations can be well compared to Allan's theory because in both situations one thing is wasted away due to overlooking it and being consumed by the indulgence of one activity (Watson, 2017). For one to achieve a well-paying job, one has to definitely work hard because in this era even the bosses demand a lot of qualifications for them to be guaranteed of a satisfactory employee. In addition to the high standards set, life itself has gotten so costly and in this era, it is every man for himself meaning that if one does not work hard, as the treadmill of production theory shows that for capitalism to be achieved, there had to be ecological disorganization. In juxtaposition with the life matters we can, therefore, say that for there to be sustenance in life and achievement of many goals, there has to be some deprivation of life activities in order to achieve standards that life expects us. References Watson, T. (2017). Sociology, work, and organization. Taylor Francis. Schnabel, L. (2017). Book Review: Research in the Sociology of Work: Work and Family in the New Economy edited by Samantha K. Ammons and Erin L. Kelly. Vallas, S. (Ed.). (2016). Research in the Sociology of Work. Emerald Group Publishing.

Pedagogy of the Oppressed Chapter 2 Reflection Essay Example

Pedagogy of the Oppressed Chapter 2 Reflection Essay Example Pedagogy of the Oppressed Chapter 2 Reflection Paper Pedagogy of the Oppressed Chapter 2 Reflection Paper Pedagogy of the Oppressed, falls into the political philosophy genre. After I read Chapter 2 of Pedagogy of the Oppressed, my first thought was about the reservation boarding school system. Indian schooling started with missionaries and teachers in missionary schools were at least as interested in salvation as in education. According to many observers, the discipline of the schools usually included getting Indians to dress, speak, and act like white people. Native Americans serve as perfect â€Å"containers† and â€Å"receptacles† for teachers of that time. (Freire 4) Many teachers that teach in Tribal communities often use the concept of â€Å"the teacher know everything and the students know nothing†. (Freire 8) This semester I had a teacher that said, â€Å"I’m going to teach you as though you know nothing†. This goes to show that teachers, even in current times are obsessed with their authority over students. The â€Å"banking system† only works to the extent of students being able to regurgitate what the teacher tells the student. The students do not learn when they are told to memorize items, just so the student can get a good test grade. I have experienced this during my academic career. I personally retain more information when teachers communicate and tell me why I need to learn what I need to learn. â€Å"’Four times four is sixteen; the capital of Para is Belem. The students records, memorizes, and repeats these phrases without perceiving what four times four really means, or realizing the true significance of â€Å"capital† in the affirmation ‘the capital of Para is Belem,’ that is, what Belem means for Para and what Para means for Brazil. † This type of teaching is taught everywhere. I feel as though it is worse for Tribal communities, and I’m only saying that because the high school drop out rate is higher among Native Americans th an other ethnicities. Not to mention, in the university level, the graduation rate is lower. I believe, is because of the quality of education we, Native, people receive in Tribal Communities. This reading was fairly difficult. I am not used to reading such complex writings. In order to understand the reading more efficiently, I think it would be better to start with something slightly simpler. This is the first time I have ever read something of this magnitude, I enjoyed it. I felt as though it challenged me to break out of my comfort zone. Bibliography Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2000.

Lies, damned lies and statistics - Emphasis

Lies, damned lies and statistics Lies, damned lies and statistics There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies and statistics. So said Benjamin Disraeli (and later Mark Twain, who was quoting him). Yet the public (and thats all of us, at one time or another) continues to be sucked in by reports based on spurious logic and facts of dubious provenance. If youve ever wondered why, you should read Risk, by Dan Gardner. Its a fascinating explanation of why we fall for sensationalist writing every time. The link between the MMR triple vaccine and autism is one of the latest examples of the triumph of hype over reality. Reports of a link were based on a study involving just a handful of children. And countless subsequent and much bigger studies failed to confirm it. So the UK Government issued a statement saying that there was no link. And thats when it all kicked off probably helped by the Governments denial. (After all, if the Governments denying it, then it must be true, right?) The newspapers began filling up with studies of children whod received the triple jab and then went on to develop the condition. Queues formed at clinics offering measles, mumps and rubella vaccination in three separate injections (a method that unlike the triple jab had never been tested on a large scale for either safety or efficacy). More and more people sought alternatives, such as homoeopathic vaccination. And crucially vaccination rates plummeted, to way below that required to produce herd immunity. Now, years later, measles infection rates have climbed dramatically more than 1300 last year in the UK alone, compared with just 56 ten years ago. The World Health Organization has abandoned its hope of eradicating the disease in the short term. And all because of a dubious, almost certainly unrepresentative study. So why did we fall for it? It would be tempting to say that most people lack the technical knowledge to assess statistics properly. That may be true, but theres more to it than that. Psychology plays a huge part. Our emotions are produced in the parts of the brain that evolved long before the parts that enable us to reason. And we make judgements usually subconsciously based on emotion (or gut feel) long before we use logic to work out if our gut feeling is right. Then theres innumeracy. According to French neuroscientist Stanislas Dehaene, were slower to compute 4+5 than 2+3. In fact, humans innate skill with numbers isnt much better than that of rats and dolphins. Its just that weve learned how to overcome it with a lot of effort. (When polled, 45 per cent of Canadians didnt know how many millions there are in a billion, for example.) So instead, people rely on gut feel: autism is a Bad Thing, so MMR must be bad. Logic never really gets a look in. Risk explains in a clear and compelling way why our lives are dominated by irrational fears (as well as why we dont worry about the things we should worry about). Its the perfect antidote to the current epidemic of negative news. And if you dont want to read that, heres another statistic for you, this time from the late comedian George Carlin: Think about how stupid the average person is; now realise half of them are dumber than that.

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Technology - Essay Example In case the private body functions in a public capacity and it is owned, controlled and funded by the state, then it should be considered as a public body. However, a private corporation is subject to the FOIA request when they utilize public funding under the conditions that the entity performs the functions of the government, government is involved in regulation, and when the entity is formed by the government. Also, the federal standards should not be used in determining the public funding by the private corporation, and the criteria by FOIL should come into play in matters related to the functioning of the private agency (Halstuk & Bill, 2006). The traditional privatization approaches of the public services can be approached in a perspective which considers government as hierarchical and ineffective, and that it involves both benefits and difficulties while importing efficiency and flexibility in the corporate world to provide for the public services. Bring the for-profit corporation to the delivery of the traditional government services is contentious. Some of the questions that may arise are whether the state can be sued along the private corporation and whether the government actors are entitled to immunities. The two partnerships can be of considerable legal work and to untangle. Youth detention centers and private prisons are under control of the government entities, such that more money is realized by having more inmates (Silverman, 2007). On the other hand, the economic difficulties facing the private sector in using the public funds for the non-traditional services is caused by the reassessment of the priorities for county and municipal governments. Government is faced with problems when trying to balance services to the community and the declining tax revenues (Halstuk & Bill, 2006). Fraud, waste, abuse and corruption are problems in government programs. FWAC in small businesses led to Nancy Pelosi, who was the house speaker instructed

Samsung Electronics case Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Samsung Electronics case - Article Example (3) They had attracted a lot of resources from foreign investors which allow them to sell the chips at lower prices in order to gain a market share. The production methods used are cost effective. 2. Samsung’s business-level strategy. a. The sources of Samsung’s cost advantage in DRAMs in 2003 are a result of the fact that it invested heavily in technology which made mass production at a relatively lower cost possible. For instance, the cost breakdown of producing a 256 Mbit DRAM in 2003 was: Average selling price is $5.08 while the fully loaded costs are $4.15. Thus $5.08 - $4.15 = $0.93. This entails that it has an operating profit of $0.93. on the other hand, it can be noted that Micron’s costs for the same DRAM are: Average selling price $4. 48 while the total costs are $6.52. This means that Micron is operating at a profit of -$2.04 since the total production costs are higher than the selling price. b. The source of Samsung’s ability to charge a price premium in DRAMs in 2003 includes the following: It has a health financial position in the market. For example, the operating costs of the company are lower than the average selling price of the 256Mbit. Data in the case shows that the average Price premium for Samsung is 34 % compared to the operating margins of 53 % of the other competitors. This puts the company in a position charge price premiums since it has little operating costs compared to other competitors. The other reason is that it customizes its product to suit the needs and interests of the customers. c. Samsung’s business-level strategy is based on a competitive advantage in cost leadership. Evidence to support this view includes: (1) The total production costs are lower than the average selling price which is cost effective. (2) The company can produce a large volume of DRAMS at a relatively lower cost. (3). The company can cut a large quantity of chips at the same time at the same cost. d. Identify the chara cteristics of the industry that hinder the successful use of an integrated business-level strategy. The main challenge is that the company can operate at a loss if the other product line fails to perform to the anticipated expectations. This integrated business level strategy can involve a scenario where a company integrates more than two product lines. The main challenge is that the other product may not be that competitive in the market which entails that it can also affect the performance of the other product. 3. Recommendations a. To strengthen the company’s competitive position in light of the threat of large-scale entry by the Chinese companies, Chairman Lee could: (1) Differentiate the products (2) He can also diversify the products where two or more product lines can be offered under the same brand name. (3) He can also lower the prices of the products in order to gain a large market share through attracting a lot of people to its products. Of these options, different iation is the most viable because it makes the company and its products unique from the other players and products offered in the market. Through differentiation strategy, the organization is in a better position to attract more customers through offering products that are valued by the buyers through their uniqueness. However, a potential problem with this approach is it may be costly to acquire sophisticated equipment that can be used to produce unique and state-of-the-art products that are

Elijah McCoy :: essays research papers

Elijah McCoy was born in Colchester, Ontario Canada on May 2, 1844, the son of former slaves who had fled from Kentucky before the U.S. Civil War. Educated in Scotland as a mechanical engineer, Elijah McCoy returned to the United States and settled in Detroit, Michigan. He began experimenting with a cup that would regulate the flow of oil onto moving parts of industrial machines. His first invention was a lubricator for steam engines, U.S. 129,843, which issued on July 12, 1872. The invention allowed machines to remain in motion to be oiled; his new oiling device revolutionized the industrial machine industry. Elijah McCoy established his own firm and was responsible for a total of 57 patents, the term â€Å"real McCoy† refers to the oiling device used for industrial machinery. His contribution to the lubricating device became so popular that people inspecting new equipment would ask if the device contained the real McCoy, This helped popularize the American expression, meaning the real thing. His other inventions included an ironing board and lawn sprinkler. Elijah McCoy died on October 10, 1929 after a year in the Eloise Infirmary, Eloise, Michigan, suffering from senile dementia caused by hypertension. He was buried in Detroit, Michigan. Elijah McCoy was born in Colchester, Ontario Canada on May 2, 1844, the son of former slaves who had fled from Kentucky before the U.S. Civil War. Educated in Scotland as a mechanical engineer, Elijah McCoy returned to the United States and settled in Detroit, Michigan. He began experimenting with a cup that would regulate the flow of oil onto moving parts of industrial machines. His first invention was a lubricator for steam engines, U.S. 129,843, which issued on July 12, 1872. The invention allowed machines to remain in motion to be oiled; his new oiling device revolutionized the industrial machine industry. Elijah McCoy established his own firm and was responsible for a total of 57 patents, the term â€Å"real McCoy† refers to the oiling device used for industrial machinery.

Discussing the architecture of Michelangelo

Mannerism refers to a time of European art that began around 1520 in Italy, and lasted until around 1580 to 1600, when the Baroque style of art and architecture began to replace it, but it did continue in many forms until the 17th century. The characteristics of Mannerism include artificial qualities that go against the harmonious, natural elements of High Renaissance art, and a great deal of sophistication, complexity and innovation in design.Michelangelo was one of the greatest practitioners of Mannerism for several reasons. Elegance and innovation are two of the primary elements of Mannerism, and Michelangelo certainly practiced both those elements in his art. Some of his greatest architectural and artistic endeavors contain these elements, combined with sophistication in the design and execution of the works such as the Sistine Chapel's ceiling. The paintings on the ceilings have stood the test of time, and retain their beauty, complexity and eloquence even today.In addition, the concept of painting on the ceiling of a wondrous piece of architecture was also one of Michelangelo's innovations, illustrating how he actively participated in the Mannerism movement. In architecture, Michelangelo also excelled as a Mannerist. â€Å"Mannerist architects were no less interested in ancient classical architecture than were their predecessors, but they found other qualities in ancient Roman architecture to exploit. In fact, they often displayed an even greater knowledge of antiquity than did earlier artists† (Italian Mannerism or Late Renaissnce, 2009).Michelangelo's greatest architectural achievements, such as the Laurentian Library in Florence, helped indicate he was a Mannerist by its' obvious breaking of many architectural rules of the time, showing not only its elegance, but its novelty and sophistication, as well. Michelangelo uses classic design in his building, but adds a new way of assembling them throughout the design in novel and unusual motifs. In th e Palazzo Farnese in Rome, Michelangelo used unnatural and manufactured views throughout the building, another trademark of Mannerist buildings. Many architects view Michelangelo as one of the geniuses of the movement.His, â€Å"Medici Chapel in San Lorenzo was executed, in Vasari's opinion, ‘in a style more varied and novel than that of any other master,' and ‘thus all artists are under a great and eternal obligation to Michelangelo, seeing that he broke the fetters and chains that had earlier confined them to the creation of traditional forms† (Italian Mannerism or Late Renaissnce, 2009). Michelangelo knew how to push the envelope in design and execution, and was interested in change, rather than copying other styles, which are also elements of the Mannerist style of architecture.His greatest Mannerist achievement is St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, a massive project that took him over 18 years to design, and was not completed before his death. This beautiful build ing was dominated by a huge dome that would have been incredible had it been completed during Michelangelo's life. Later changes to the building altered the dome and its effect on the overall building design, but it was one of his greatest achievements, and the innovation and spectacular dimensions of the design helped cement Michelangelo as one of the premier Mannerist architects and artists of the day.Mannerism eventually fell out of favor in Europe, and was replaced by other forms of architecture, including the intricate and detailed Baroque, which followed Mannerism. It was one of the greatest epics of Italian architecture and design, led by one of the greatest artists of all time, Michelangelo. Works Cited Italian Mannerism or Late Renaissnce. (2009, January 16). Retrieved from Italian Mannerism: http://www. cartage. org. lb/en/themes/arts/Architec/MannerismArchitecture/ItalianMannerism/ItalianMannerism. htm Janson's History of Art. (2007). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education , Inc.

What Is Disruptive Selection

Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that selects against the average individual in a population. The makeup of this type of population would show phenotypes (individuals with groups of traits) of both extremes but have very few individuals in the middle. Disruptive selection is the rarest of the three types of natural selection and can lead to the deviation in a species line. Basically, it comes down to the individuals in the group who get to mate—who survive best. They are the ones who have traits on the extreme ends of the spectrum. The individual with just middle-of-the-road characteristics is not as successful at survival and/or breeding to further pass on average genes. In contrast, population functions in stabilizing selection mode when the intermediate individuals are the most populous. Disruptive selection occurs in times of change, such as habitat change or change in resources availability. Disruptive Selection and Speciation The bell curve is not typical in shape when exhibiting disruptive selection. In fact, it looks almost like two separate bell curves. There are peaks at both extremes and a very deep valley in the middle, where the average individuals are represented. Disruptive selection can lead to speciation, with two or more different species forming and the middle-of-the-road individuals being wiped out. Because of this, its also called diversifying selection, and it drives evolution. Disruptive selection happens in large populations with lots of pressure for the individuals to find advantages or niches as they compete with each other for food to survive and/or partners to pass on their lineage. Like directional selection, disruptive selection can be influenced by human interaction. Environmental pollution can drive disruptive selection to choose different colorings in animals for survival. Disruptive Selection Examples: Color Color, in regards to camouflage, serves as a useful example in many different kinds of species, because those individuals that can hide from predators the most effectively will live the longest. If an environment has extremes, those who dont blend into either will be eaten the most quickly, whether theyre moths, oysters, toads, birds or another animal. Peppered moths: One of the most studied examples of disruptive selection is the case of ​Londons peppered moths. In rural areas, the peppered moths were almost all a very light color. However, these same moths were very dark in color in industrial areas. Very few medium-colored moths were seen in either location. The darker-colored moths survived predators in the industrial areas by blending in with the polluted surroundings. The lighter moths were seen easily by predators in industrial areas and were eaten. The opposite happened in rural areas. The medium-colored moths were easily seen in both locations and were therefore very few of them left after disruptive selection.​​ Oysters: Light- and dark-colored oysters could also have a camouflage advantage as opposed to their medium-colored relatives. Light-colored oysters would blend into the rocks in the shallows, and the darkest would blend better into the shadows. The ones in the intermediate range would show up against either backdrop, offering those oysters no advantage and make them easier prey. Thus, with fewer of the medium individuals surviving to reproduce, the population eventually has more oysters colored to either extreme of the spectrum. Disruptive Selection Examples: Feeding Ability Evolution and speciation isnt all a straight line. Often there are multiple pressures on a group of individuals, or a drought pressure, for example, that is just temporary, so the intermediate individuals dont completely disappear or dont disappear right away. Timeframes in evolution are long. All types of diverging species can coexist if there are enough resources for them all. Specialization in food sources among a population might occur in fits and starts, only when there is some pressure on supply. Mexican spadefoot toad tadpoles: Spadefoot tadpoles have higher populations in the extremes of their shape, with each type having a more dominant eating pattern. The more omnivorous individuals are round-bodied, and the more carnivorous are narrow-bodied. The intermediate types are smaller (less well-fed) than those at either extreme of body shape and eating habit. A study found that those at the extremes had additional, alternate food resources that the intermediates didnt. The more omnivorous ones fed more effectively on pond detritus, and the more carnivorous ones were better at feeding on shrimps. Intermediate types competed with each other for food, resulting in individuals with ability on the extremes to eat more and grow faster and better. Darwins finches on the Galapagos: Fifteen different species developed from a common ancestor, which existed 2 million years ago. They differ in beak style, body size, feeding behavior, and song. Multiple types of beaks have adapted to different food resources, over time. In the case of three species on Santa Cruz Island, ground finches eat more seeds and some arthropods, tree finches eat more fruits and arthropods, vegetarian finches feed on leaves and fruit, and warblers typically eat more arthropods. When food is abundant, what they eat overlaps. When its not, this specialization, the ability to eat a certain type of food better than other species, helps them survive.